Week 12

Question 0

Humanistic PSYC

Answer 0

Optimistic idea,
Interpersonal conditions, actualization ourself.
Aware of meeting actualization, appealing theory to K
Carl Rogers, personality counselling therapy.
Not a lot of research in these areas though, related to personality. Current research supports Carl though. Hehe.

Question 1

Narrative Identity Article

Answer 1

By McLean

About adaptation and development,
Agency, redemption, communion,
Meaning making,
Good communication,
Bad rumination, young adolescent boy s difficulty.
Question of culture, social interactions shaped and are shaped by personal narratives

Question 2

Elements of Rogers theory and what ideas people are testing related to it.

Answer 2

Carl Rogers video, be congruent accurate, phenomenological, just, honest. Therapeutic process relationship is therapeutic.

Question 3

Rogers Theory

Answer 3

Praising, acceptance.
Belief process of therapy is key, and quality of connection that will potentially unleash a set of changes allowing client to understand themselves better, begin to make changes, understanding who they are.
Can become aware of what they disapprove of themes,eve and maybe get beyond that.

Gloria video, Ellis, Rogers, pearls.

Theoryoftherapyexpandedto
personality.
ReactionagainstFreudiantheory.
Optimisticviewfocusingoncapacityforself-actualization, but social circumstances interfere. Smithing about you ppl do not approve of. Or value. Doubt themselves. 
TherapeuticFocuson:
Hereandnow--phenomenology
Empathy–reflection
Sourceofconflict (you vs others)
Short-termandusefulforallpeople non-directive

Question 4

Psychotherapy, most patients neuroticism

Answer 4

Not patients but clients, de stigmatized.

So much like EDPC 504
Cannot accept myself, daisy Gloria, not unusual. Feelings, hard time accepting in oneself.
Acknowledges, no answer, personal thing, info giving. I will help. Ambivalent about many things. Clients, wrestle, where feelings coming from.
Focus on present, not tuned into ourselves

Question 5

Self-Actualization:
Empathic stance
Unconditional positive regard
Roger quotes

Answer 5

Thegoalofpersonalityistobecongruent,whenallofourexperiencesareaccessibletotheself.
Congruenceoccurswhenweexperience
unconditionalpositiveregardandempathy.Thenourselfwillhaveaccesstoallexperiences
becauseweknowthatnomatterwhatwethink
andfeel,wewillstillbevaluedandunderstood.

Note: not narcissism.
About awareness of congruence integrated
wholistic.

Thecounselorsaysineffect,“Tobeofassistanceto
youIwillputasidemyself…andenterintoyourworldofperceptionascompletelyasIamable.Iwill
become,inasense,anotherselfforyou—analter
egoofyourownattitudesandfeelings—asafe
opportunityforyoutodiscernyourselfmoreclearly,toexperienceyourselfmoretrulyanddeeply”

“Itappearsthatoneofthemostpotentelementsinthe
relationshipisthatthetherapist“prizes”thewholepersonoftheclient.Itisthefactthathefeelsandshowsanunconditional
positiveregardtowardtheexperiencesofwhichtheclientis
frightenedorashamed,aswellastowardtheexperienceswithwhichtheclientispleasedorsatisfied,thatseemseffectiveinbringingaboutchange.Graduallytheclientcanfeelmoreacceptanceofallofhisownexperiences,andthismakeshimagainmoreofawholeorcongruentperson,abletofunctioneffectively.“ Gloria sexual and guilt and daughter.

Question 6

PotatoAnalogyofTendencyTowardSelf-Growth

Answer 6

Irememberinmyboyhoodthebininwhichwestoredourwinter’ssupplyofpotatoeswasinthebasement,severalfeetbelowthewindow.The
conditionswereunfavorable,butthepotatoeswouldbegintosprout–palewhitesproutssounlikethehealthygreenshootstheysentupwhenplantedinthesoilinthespring.Butthesesad,spindlysproutswould
grow2or3feetastheyreachedtowardthedistantlightofthewindow.
Thesproutswere,intheirbizarre,futilegrowth,asortofdesperateexpressionofthedirectionaltendencyIhavebeendescribing….In
dealingwithclientswhoseliveshavebeenterriblywarped….Ioftenthinkofthosepotatosprouts…..Thecluetotheirbehavioristhattheyare
striving,intheonlywaythattheyperceiveisavailabletothem,tomovetowardgrowthtowardbecoming.Tohealthypersons,theresultsmay
seembizarreandfutile,buttheyarelife’sdesperateattempttobecomeitself.Thispotentconstructivetendencyistheunderlyingbasisofmyapproach.All strive actualization even weird behaviors

Question 7

Rogers own research

Answer 7

Student clients,

Used own research to come up with new theory distinct from Freud or behaviour

Question 8

PsychotherapyResearch

Answer 8

HansStrupp1979Study
40malecollegestudentswhowenttocounsellingcenterrandomlyassignedtooneof4conditions
PretestedonMMPI
Homogeneousinpresentingproblems–depression,
anxiety&socialintroversion.
K favourite study

Subjects: High social introversion, anxiety and depression. Description captures k

Treatment
1.Analyticallyorientedtherapyfocusingonearlyfamilyexperiences. Psychoanalyist Freudian
2.Experientially-orientedtherapythatwasnon-
directiveandfocusedonthehere-and-now. Rogerian. Humanistic.
3.***LiberalArtsProfessorswithnotrainingin
Psychology(Butselectedrortheirreputationas
warm,trustworthy,andinterestedinstudents).
4.Wait-listcontrolgroup.

On average 16 sessions-25.
Results: 1,2,3>4;
1,2,&3didnotdiffer.

Thekeynon-specificfactor?
“Ourresultssuggestthatthepositivechanges
experiencedbyourpatients,whethertreatedbyexperiencedtherapistsorbyuntrained
professors,aregenerallyattributabletothe
healingeffectsofabenignhumanrelationship.”

Note depression treatment, therapy does as well as meidcation, no difference between types of interpersonal therapies.

Question 9

Exploringthenon-specificfactorresponsibleforimprovement

Answer 9

TherapeuticAlliance:
Bond
FeelingUnderstood
AgreementonGoals
AgreementonTasks
Whattherapist
behaviorsleadto
therapeuticalliance?
“mycounselorwasalmostapartofme,workingonmyproblemasIwantedtoworkonit”
Zuroffetal2007: 
True for all therapists.behaviours leading to alliance.

Question 10

Current perosnlIty research

Answer 10

Taking perpns perspextive, listening, reflect, not directing.
Focus on autonomy support.
Key is taking the other perpns perspective,
Give choice and volition.
Exploration and self initiation.
Rationale, why are we doing this.

Question 11

Doesautonomy-supportplayaroleinotherrelationships?

Answer 11

Helpingrelationships(doctor-patient)
Mentorrelationships(teacher-student;coach-
athlete)
Peersupportrelationships.
Howdoesautonomy-
supportfacilitatepersonal
change?
Autonomy–>Self-Concordant–>Positive
SupportGoals Change

Question 12

Measuringwhywepursueagoal

Answer 12

Self-ConcordantReasons:
“becauseIreallybelieveitsanimportantgoaltohave.”“becauseofthefunandenjoymentthegoaloffers.”
Therapy, takes away stigma.
ControlledReasons:
“becausesomebodyelsewantsmeto.”
“becauseIwouldfeelguiltyifIdidn’t.”
Maladaptive

Question 13

What do Freudian slips tell us about Freud’sviews on motivation and personality?
3 errors?

Answer 13

Goals drive motives we are unaware of.
Psychopathology of everyday life. Book. Ex. Slips mistakes make in everyday life.

Memory lapses: what your name again? 3x a week for university students
Slips of the tongue: often sounds wrong thing to say 3x a week for university students
Mistaken actions: rare, once a month, locked out.

Attribute to fatigue, Freud suggests not accidents, but purposeful.
Making slip you think accident,t but when on receiving end, you think differently about it.
Ex. Racquetball “date” k
Probably not important to her cuz she missed it, shows slips mean something to others,
K did not pursue, her even though later on she wanted to try again.

Question 14

Frauds contention

Answer 14

“slips and related phenomena are the result
of purposeful and intentional action on the part of individual involved, although the intent is unknown to the actor himself, or in other words, is unconscious.”

Question 15

Forgetting

Answer 15

Older student
named Frank in my
first seminar. K 25 years ago. How do I feel about this guy, context shows he is a difficult student

Freud Explanation
l Almost always, forgetting is the direct result of repression (when something that arousesanxiety is forced out of awareness)

The significance of the specific name:The significance of the specific name:l “If I analyze the cases of forgetting of namesthat I observe in myself, I almost always find that the name which is withheld from me is related to a topic of close personal
importance to me, and one which is capable of evoking in me strong and distressing
affects.”

Free Association described by Freud:Free Association described by Freud:l “That should not take us long. I must only ask you to tell me, candidly and uncritically, whatever comes into your mind if you direct your attention to the forgotten word without any definite aim.” Levels of association present to past. Interesting, meaningful, therapeutic. Spontaneous and revealing if done well. Not as easy as seems, people tend to feel uncomfortable with it.

l My associations… frank middle name, francile

Ex 2
Chapters Gift Certificate:

“ Dear Jeffrey, thanks for
taking such good care of
Sophie.”

l Richard Koestner (Sophie’sDad)

Not Jeffrey but Mathew, thank you for being a good counsellor.
Explanation: female counsellor was right though

Resented this other guy helping daughter, who idealized him. Oration envy jealous rivalry feelings. Freud would guess unconscious feelings led to slip. Hurtful to get name wrong, form of expression, unconsciously I guess.

Question 16

Slips of the tongue

Answer 16

l Instead of saying what you intend to say,
something else pops out.
l Freud’s uncle Leo says:
“I hope from now on I’ll see you more seldom than in the past.”

Freud’s explanation:Freud’s explanation:
l A slip of the tongue (or pen) is often the
consequence of a failure to repress completely some unconscious thought or wish.
l In such cases the speaker expresses what he or she would have unconsciously liked to say or write,
despite his attempt to keep it hidden.
l Often the hidden meaning is immediately apparent.

Unconscious PART (not whole I think) thoug speaking out.

Ex. Friends video. Rachel vs Emily “I do”

Question 17

Levels of association

Answer 17

Death, health
Go back history,

Sister, nurse role. Model mom uncomfortable taking care of sick husband. Ex. Boyfriend sick. Possible earlier family experience involved in slip. Layers to the analysis.

Stretchy sweater.
Gorilla friends, girlfriend. Free association. She thought it was funny. ExplanTion. Her best friend who had boyfriend, they wear each other’s clothes. Unisex clothes. K. Gender identity, size of father mother. Clothes changing even at home. Happened by accident. Dynamic.

SCHAFER ARTICLE
Approaches analyst in different ways.
Therapist waits for slip of the tongue.
Female client work. Often found something went wrong in dec. Where women begin to feel best when they are unhappy and burdened. Uncomfortable when things are going well. Taking care of other people unhappiness. Taking it on for themselves.
Ex. Comes down to women felt most accepted and appreciated and cared for when unhappy and miserable. Unconscious ideal of being unhappyl
Heavenly burden.

Client therapist rela.
TRANSFERENCE
Recreate early rela.

In work with women, whenever making progress, analysis was working, they would become frightened anxious shut down do badly, family history only accepted when miserable unhappy.

Unaware ideal being unhappy.

Article, think this pattern more common for women.

Men have unconscious pursuit for failure. Stupid things to sabotage careers rela. Etc. something to do with early family, father not want to rival. Or mother kind when doing badly.

Question 18

Mistaken ActionsMistaken Actions
l Dialing the wrong number on the phone.l 911 585 243-4644
Locking one self out of.
How have you been feeling about house or orhers in house. Open question explore feeling.

Answer 18

Explanation, ashamed, police should come in. Irrational harsh critical richepard here.

Id sex aggression

Ego

Superego. Perfectionist, hypocritical, tells u u should be punished.
K thinks superego. Report to prion.

Eg. Birthday card mom may. Two Mother’s Day cards instead. Rages ts cards motherly. Took offense.

Question 19

Alternative Explanations:Alternative Explanations:

Answer 19

l     Fatigue
inattention
l     haste
l     excitement
l     phonetic similarity of sounds

Freud metaphor
If you were robbed on a dark, lonely street
you would not tell the police that you were
robbed by the darkness and the loneliness.

Heart of it, suppressed feeling came out. Unconscious meaningful and important,

So individualistic. WEONG ABOUT FATGIUE.
Participants much more likely to act out sexist racist when have high ignition load.

Logic of mistakes, common sister wife, boyfriend brother.
Certain people communal relationship level, . Substitute one person with another.
Dog children. All innocent substitutions, follow a pattern.

Similarilyt, hierarchical rela. Students, shouldn’t call wife’s name.

Something you have to try out in your own life. STOP ask yourself what does this mean. Often we will have insight into unconscious motives.

Psychoanalytic understand un onions, percolating,

Uncomfortable with unconscious, and act negatively. Use it personally. Don’t instigate. Interpreting others is not such a good idea. Unless they want to.

Question 20

Current Status of Freud’s theoryCurrent Status of Freud’s theory

Answer 20

l Three Useful Concepts from Freud:
– Unconscious motivation; (disting. from non-conscious)– Ambivalence is common in close relationships;
– Transference is common

Unconscious, vs nonconsious , difference

l Current Status of Psychoanalytic treatments:
– 2008 JAMA meta-analysis concludes it is effective for many different psychological disorders!