Week 3 Flashcards
True or False
Social desire ability undermines agreeabless?
False, even if ppl are told agreeableness bad they seek it out.
What are the origins of agreeableness and where does it developed from?
Temperamental: effort ful (self) control, higher more agreeable.
Genetic
Gender: femAles more agreeable
Culture: big differences, also great variability within countries like us. Taiwan.
Life experience, pro social parents do not undermine agreeableness, they promote it.
Social role, parents more agreeable.
Benefits to agreeabless are?
Fulfilling innate need to belong,
Promoting harmonious relationships including within group outside group harmony
More advantages of being agreeable…
Stronger better healthier rela.
A imp. As neuroticism in understanding romantic relations. Ppl look for kindness in partner, lead to less negative behaviour over long run.
more agreeable they appeared to be more willing toinvest in the relationship, to please their partners, increased commitment.
But, moresexual partners if at either end of agreeableness. Agreeableness is contagious and better for parenting.
Agreeableness and performance
Success!
Young do better in school if agreeable,
More accepting of group diversity.
Note However, that negative attitudes toward diversity were actually related to higher-quality ideasin relatively homogeneous groups. Though not good for brainstorming.
Agreeableness and forgiveness
Associated with greater well being, agreeable forgive and seek forgiveness.
Apart from interpersonal rela. And job performance, agreeableness also predicts?
Health outcomes, mental and physical and problems are internalized and externalizer appropriately. More positive interactions, more healthy choices, less stress overall perhaps.
Ice ppl article sakes that there are two myths that agreeable are subject to.
Doormats and Ashly influences. Not true
They speculate that agreeable people will not be upset by the fact that someone opposes them. Rather, theywill be upset when others use more destructive resolution tactics.
Agreeable individuals prefer to cooperate but will adjust their behavior to match the demands of the situation. And therefore compete if necessary.
Heavy drinkers, connection to social cues and influence, poor study though.
According to The agreeableness article we read, Agreeableness is only good if_________otherwise____________?
You have personal agency, otherwise unmitigated communion is maladaptive.
Person centered approach to agreeableness sees three categories
resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled
Resilliant most agreeable.
Behaving out of character. Give Seinfeld example
Geaorge, neurotic, talk to girl. What does this mean.
What is Koestner’s chameleon story?
Richard Getaway weekend.
Romantic
First date in grad school 23
Ithaca
Football game opinionated loud uncouth brought up.
Ppl vary though. So I change based on ppl. U are a chameleon.
Maybe he is. He said yes you are right pRents only seventh grade education and had to balance heritage with where I got high in education. She bought it.
How consistent are traits really across situations
In reality most only correlate .3
Just moderate. Some ppl argue not good at all. Punctuality suptuxy used as example and Walter Mischel quote.
Who said There is a discrepancy between our
intuitions, which tell us that people doin fact display pervasive cross-
situational consistencies in their
behavior, and the vast empirical
literature, which tells us that they do
not.” Brilliantly identifying the problem with traits?
Darryl Bem (1974)
Reasons to doubt intuitive stability of traits?
Evidence of implicit personality
theories;
o Evidence of attributional bias;
o Mistaken belief about how extensively we observe people we know;
o Our language entices us to think in
trait terms.
We often undervalue situations and are Biased by traits.
Imp. Important|
Judgements about ppl we meet assumed on a lot of behaviours. We see ppl in restricted range of settings. Works as a speech therapist wife. Never seen her working. Or alone with friends. Possible seen them only in narrow range.
Graduate school holiday best friend.
He had annoying habits. Did not really know someone.
What was Koestner’s theory of girlfriend”s mistaken intuition of
Theory girlfriend well educated good in school means cultured person professorial manner in al situations.
First impressions of Koestner Articulate educated. Personality theories fill in blank. Quick initial jusdgment. Did not realize may act otherwise in different situations.
What is the difference between a moderator and a mediator?
Moderator. Changes relationship to another variable.
Mediator. Comes between variable. Religious belief. Lead better functioning. mediatior is self control. Which is higher leading to better outxomes.
People will only show consistancy in traits that are?
Personally relevant and meaningful in other words, a moderator that is schematic.
What traits are most personally relevant and meaningful to Koestner?
Agreeableness and introversion.
True false
Personal relevance seperate from level on trait
TRUE
Bem Zuckerman and Koestner have shown that traits which are ______ are more consistent
Personally relevant and meaningful
Mark Snyder’s views of what moderator may effect a persons consists fancy I trait behaviour
Self-Monitoring,
How much of a chameleon are you… :)
Whether extrovert or introvert what effect does self monitoring have?
Introverts have narrow rNge. But high self monitor have lEger range. 2x bigger range how the present themselves.. accounts how variable can be.
Extroverts take up more space
What is significant in the fact the high self monitors have different friendship styles?
Koestner’s Relationship broke up because.
Surprise party. 4 friends. Never let friends see each other. Did not share things. Never had met. High self monitor
What does it mean when someone behaves differently on a given trait dimension across different situations?
Could be that it is not a personally relevant trait. Or high self monitor
Both are MODERATORS
What is the interpersonal circumplex?
Cartesian plane of dominance vs agreeableness
Fascinating how we adjust behaviour.
We match our interaction partner in cold or warmth. Naturally.
However for dominance. Reciprocal. Submissive to more dominNt or if you meet dominant become more submissive. Do not match
This means we are wvarying our behaviour quite a lot. Between ppl.
Also includes two do big five.
Including social dominant extro
Men higher dominance
Most of the difference in traits is between people?
False, 80% is within a person! we ourselves change a lot between situations! not other people.
In what roles are we the most consciensciousness and agreeable
At work,
In what roles are we the most neurotic, or extroverted.
At school, with friends
Pros and cons of free trait behaviour
Benefits: y AdvanceCorePersonalorDevelopmentalGoalsy DevelopCompetencies. y Costs: y Failureandaccompanyingemotions. y Feelinauthentic y Ego‐Depletion y ReputationalConfusion
According to Amy Cuddy at Harbard what is the key to social dominance?
Body language communicating
Emoticons.
Non verbL expression of dominance. Expanding. Even blind open up
Participation. Faake it testosterone increases, cortisol decrees eases, connection.
Role change minimal.
High power more gamble.
High power less stress reactive. Huh
Shir these dominNt poses could be a great ritual before exams. A prime. Even if faking it we will make it.public speaking interview will become more natural.
Introversion, an adaptive style, Susan Caine idea
Ex. Group picks extrovert. Implicit. Dominant. But introvert more effective. If employees are proactive. moderator
Intro extro managerial effectiveness. Passive vs active proactive moderator.
How is employee pro activity a moderator
It is a moderator as depending on whether the leader is intro or extra, if intro better listening and implementation of ideas and better outcome. Pizza study cross over interaction. Extro better for dictating the unmotivated.
Examples introverted leaders
Larry Page
Bill Gates
What are personal projects
Extendedsetsofpersonallyrelevantactionsthatrangefromdailychorestodefininglifecommitments.
y Someprojectsanchoranindividualsgoalsasawhole
andaredeeplyinfusedwithasenseofself‐identity.
y Thesefoundationalandself‐definingprojectsare
called“corepersonalprojects”. Eg developmental goals Koestner had as young man.
What is a restorative niche?
For intro, relaxing alone, low stim.
Extro. High stim social interaction
All you need to know from Little’s article with George and Elizabeth, dealing with personal projects and free traits
Free traits. Personal projects.
Biogenic@ ideogrnic@ socio genic factors influencing pursuit
Manageable. Positive@ supported and meaningful. Go for goal
Context. Eco…
Self monitor easier
Personality or psychological disorders, which are more accurately diagnosed and why?
Mental disorder assessment more accurate than personality disorder.
Psychiatric is in categories and 5\9 symptoms. Persistent@ major depressive diagnosed.
Personality though much prefer dimensions. Big 5. Esp neuroticism. Sadness depression anxiety etc.
What does Clara Hughes have to do with depression and mental health day held by bell on man. 28
Even for depression ppl can have different symptoms. She slept 18 hours a day. Gained weight. Variation.
Depression is trnaitory@ but can take a long time.
She went for counseling. No meds though. Focused on doing things differently.
Look for relapse signs.
High endurance athlete need tough mind.
How is it that the majority of ppl with depression go untreated?
Treatment makes things move faster. 90% ppl get through it without it though. But, they’re at 50% risk of prolapse. Need to have tools to prevent this.
Symptoms of depression
Cognitive: Thinking changes. Selves things more negatively. More darkly. We r responsible. And not going to change.
Internal attributions.
Affective: Sad. Crying@ anhedonic. Lack of interest.
Reward centre may be affected.
Behavioural, lack interest.
Bodily: We all have this sometimes. But sleep esting. Tiredness. Sex. Somatic signs strong. Then u need help.
Strong link between depression and _______?
Suicide
Common mental disorders
Remember these categories often cooccur. Reason for high percents.
Probably more than 1 in four will suffer one of these.
lDepressive Disorders: 17% Major Depressive DisorderDysthymia – – lAnxiety Disorders: 29% General Anxiety Disorder PTSD Panic Disorder Social Phobia
lSubstance Use Disorders: 35%
Alcohol/Drug/Mixed
Meta analysis of disorders and big five traits.
Remember reflects what disorder appears, not what traits that ppl might be high in leads to disorder. Non-predictive.
Generally speaking… Hi N, Lo C. l l Some specifics…. Depression and Anxiety, Low E Substance Use, Low A
Big five mental illness: vulnerability
If u can’t assert ur self that will lead to depression.
Look at neuroticism self critical vs dependent. Interaction personlity life vents.
Lose someone. Or failure. {loss}.
Self critical responds most to failure.
Scar?
Had a disorder leads to personality being shaped by that.
If you are depressed though your personality will be different. Hence cross sectional not predictive stuff we saw before.
Common pathway
All seperate. Common mechanism. Brain regions rewards. Extra version lack stim. Leads anhedonic depression.
Interact psychiatrically Nd personality disorders.
Also others less likely to interact with you if depressed.
Personality-related factors as predictors of help-Personality-related factors as predictors of help-seeking for depression
older age,
higher education
more perceived social support,
higher levels of conscientiousness, more severe depression
Unrelated: Gender, N,E, O & A.
