Week 6 Flashcards
Endocrine System
The Endocrine System is made up of _________ that produce and secrete _______________?
- glands
- hormones
Is the endocrine system a fast-controlling or slow-controlling system?
Slow controlling
Hormones control several
major processes such as (5):
▪ Reproduction
▪ Growth and development
▪ Mobilization of body defenses (immune system)
▪ Regulation of metabolism
▪ Maintenance of much of homeostasis
Where are hormones secreted?
In the blood
What is the second controlling system of the body?
Endocrine system
Are amino acid-based hormones hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
hydrophilic
Smallest to largest amino acid-based hormones?
- Amines
- peptides
- Proteins
Most hormones are amino acid based, true or false?
True
Are steroid hormones hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
Hydrophobic
Steroid hormones are hydrophobic: All secrete from adrenal cortex:
- glucocorticoids (cortisol, involved in blood sugar)
- mineralocorticoid (aldosterone)
minerals
1. sodium
2. potassium - sex hormones, testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone
Hormones
Proteins are a huge workhorse in the cell
DNA to mRNA to protein. DNA must be activated to coat for a specific protein. Enzyme = faster reaction
What is cyclic AMP (cAMP)?
The second-messenger molecule
Humoral stimulus is everything in the blood except _________ triggering hormone release
Hormones
“t” in t-cells means?
Thymus
Hypothalamus is right above the pituitary gland
Pineal gland is behind the 3rd ventricle of our brain
Anterior pituitary is an _________ gland and is mainly under hormonal control
Releasing (R)
Inhibiting (I)
for hypothalamic hormones
Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
Growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GRH)
Growth hormone (GH)
- bone and muscle growth
Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone is released by posterior pituitary
“tropic” hormone leads to the release of a different hormone
Thyrotropic hormone, also called __________________________?
thyroid-stimulating hormone
FSH - development
LH - Ovulation in females, testosterone in males
Which (2) hormones affect non-endocrine targets?
- Growth hormone (GH)
- Prolactin
What (4) hormones stimulate
other endocrine glands
to release hormones
(tropic hormones)?
- Thyroid-stimulating
hormone (thyrotropic
hormone) (TSH) - Adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH) - Follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH) - Luteinizing hormone
(LH)
Adrenal cortex is the only place that secretes steroid hormones
Oxytocin and ADH is made in hypothalamus and store in _______________________?
Posterior pituitary gland
Why is ADH also called
vasopressin?
Causes vasoconstriction of arterioles → increased BP
Thyroid hormone speeds up all metabolism reactions
Most thyroid hormones in the body are in T4 composition, true or false?
True
Thyroid hormone is a hormone that is able to bind to and influence the action to all of the cells in our body
______________ release is stimulated by rising calcium levels in the
blood
Calcitonin
What type of stimuli controls the release of calcitonin?
Humoral stimulus
Adrenal cortex has how many layers?
3
Aldosterone is stimulated by (2) stimuli, true or false?
True, humoral stimulation and hormonal stimulation
The sex hormones are found at both sites (gonads and adrenal cortex), true or false?
True
