Week 3 Flashcards
The “Command Centre” refers to which classification?
CNS
The “The Messenger”” refers to which classification?
PNS
_____________ transmit incoming messages toward the
cell body
Dendrites
_____________ transmits nerve
impulses away from the
cell body to other cells
Axons
_______________ are situated between sensory and motor neurons.
Interneurons
Interneurons are also known as _________
Association Neurons
The neuron transmits
the signal as an
impulse called
an ___________________.
Action potential
“The domino effect” = ______________________
sodium channels opening down the axon
What are glia?
Supporting cells of the nervous system
Oligodendrocytes function?
Myelinate neurons in CNS
Function of astrocytes?
Involved in BBB (Blood brain barrier) found in CNS
Function of ependymal cells?
In CNS, produce the CSF (Cerebral spinal fluid)
Function of microglia?
In CNS, phagocytose debris and play an immune role
Function of Schwann cells?
Create myelin in PNS
Function of Satellite cells?
Protect and myelinate neurons in PNS
Ganglia is cell body in the ________ system
Peripheral nervous
________________ is the rapid method by which nerve impulses move down a myelinated axon with excitation occurring only at nodes of Ranvier
Saltatory conduction
An action potential occurs when the membrane depolarizes to a certain threshold, if this threshold is not reached the action potential will not be triggered. This is referred to as the ___________________________________?
all-or-nothing principle
List (4) Examples of Excitatory Neurotransmitters:
- Acetylcholine (Ach)
- Norepinephrine (NE)
- Epinephrine (E)
- Dopamine (DA)
Initial ionic conditions are restored using the
_____________________________________
sodium-potassium pump
Ach is the neurotransmitter of the
___________nervous system
Somatic
Inhibitory neurotransmitters examples (2):
GABA, serotonin
What are two important functions of the spinal cord?
- Connects the PNS to the brain
- Simple reflex centre
Two major divisions of the Peripheral nervous system
Autonomic and somatic
These are functions you manage by thinking about them. This describes which subsystem?
Somatic
These are nervous system processes your brain runs automatically and without you thinking about them. This describes which subsystem?
Autonomic
There are _____ pairs of
spinal nerves
31
The spine has (3) has meningeal coverings which are ____________________________?
▪ Dura mater
▪ Arachnoid mater
▪ Pia Mater
____________________ receive information from sensory neurons (afferent pathway) and house interneuron in gray matter
Dorsal (Posterior) Horns
(dorsal root
ganglion)
______________ house cell bodies of motor neurons
and sends information out ventral root (efferent pathway) in gray matter
Ventral (Anterior) Horns
___________ are nerves exiting the spine coming
together into a network
Plexus
What plexus controls the arm and shoulder?
Brachial Plexus
What plexus controls the neck and phrenic nerve?
Cervical Plexus
What plexus controls the anterior / medial thigh?
Lumbar Plexus
What plexus controls the buttocks, perineum, back of thigh, and lower leg?
Sacral Plexus
What are the (4) plexuses?
- Cervical
- Brachial
- Lumbar
- Sacral
The descending tracks are mainly _________, and the ascending tracks are __________?
Motor, sensory
Which Spinal Pathway is the following?
lateral, Descending, and Skilled, motor to extremities
Corticospinal tract
Which Spinal Pathway is the following?
Posterior, Ascending, and Touch, vibration sense, proprioception?
Posterior column
Which Spinal Pathway is the following?
Anterior, Ascending, and Touch, pressure?
Anterior
spinothalamic tract
Which Spinal Pathway is the following?
Anterior-lateral, Ascending, and Pain, temperature
Lateral
spinothalamic tract
What are the 12 cranial nerves?
- Olfactory (CN I)
- Optic (CN II)
- Oculomotor (CN III)
- Trochlear (CN IV)
- Trigeminal (CN V)
- Abducens (CN VI)
- Facial (CN VII)
- Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)
- Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
- Vagus (CN X)
- Accessory (CN XI)
- Hypoglossal (CN XII)
The Olfactory (CN I) to supply nerves to:
smell
The Optic (CN II) to supply nerves to:
vision
The Oculomotor (CN III) to supply nerves to:
4/6 eye muscles / lens / pupil
The Trochlear (CN IV) to supply nerves to:
superior oblique eye muscle
The Trigeminal (CN V) to supply nerves to:
sensory from face / motor to chewing muscles
The Abducens (CN VI) to supply nerves to:
lateral rectus eye muscle
The Facial (CN VII) to supply nerves to:
motor to all face muscles (expression)
except chewing / some taste / sensory from ear
The Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII) to supply nerves to:
hearing and equilibrium
The Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) to supply nerves to:
taste / sensory pharynx /
some muscles in swallowing
The Vagus (CN X) to supply nerves to:
sensory, motor and autonomic glands, digestion, heart rate
The Accessory (CN XI) to supply nerves to:
muscles in head movement
The Hypoglossal (CN XII) to supply nerves to:
muscles of tongue
________________ are areas of skin that connect to a specific nerve root on your spine
Dermatomes
