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Anatomy 2 > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The “Command Centre” refers to which classification?

A

CNS

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2
Q

The “The Messenger”” refers to which classification?

A

PNS

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3
Q

_____________ transmit incoming messages toward the
cell body

A

Dendrites

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4
Q

_____________ transmits nerve
impulses away from the
cell body to other cells

A

Axons

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5
Q

_______________ are situated between sensory and motor neurons.

A

Interneurons

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6
Q

Interneurons are also known as _________

A

Association Neurons

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7
Q

The neuron transmits
the signal as an
impulse called
an ___________________.

A

Action potential

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8
Q

“The domino effect” = ______________________

A

sodium channels opening down the axon

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9
Q

What are glia?

A

Supporting cells of the nervous system

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10
Q

Oligodendrocytes function?

A

Myelinate neurons in CNS

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11
Q

Function of astrocytes?

A

Involved in BBB (Blood brain barrier) found in CNS

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12
Q

Function of ependymal cells?

A

In CNS, produce the CSF (Cerebral spinal fluid)

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13
Q

Function of microglia?

A

In CNS, phagocytose debris and play an immune role

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14
Q

Function of Schwann cells?

A

Create myelin in PNS

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15
Q

Function of Satellite cells?

A

Protect and myelinate neurons in PNS

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16
Q

Ganglia is cell body in the ________ system

A

Peripheral nervous

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17
Q

________________ is the rapid method by which nerve impulses move down a myelinated axon with excitation occurring only at nodes of Ranvier

A

Saltatory conduction

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18
Q

An action potential occurs when the membrane depolarizes to a certain threshold, if this threshold is not reached the action potential will not be triggered. This is referred to as the ___________________________________?

A

all-or-nothing principle

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19
Q

List (4) Examples of Excitatory Neurotransmitters:

A
  • Acetylcholine (Ach)
  • Norepinephrine (NE)
  • Epinephrine (E)
  • Dopamine (DA)
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20
Q

Initial ionic conditions are restored using the
_____________________________________

A

sodium-potassium pump

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21
Q

Ach is the neurotransmitter of the
___________nervous system

A

Somatic

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22
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters examples (2):

A

GABA, serotonin

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23
Q

What are two important functions of the spinal cord?

A
  • Connects the PNS to the brain
  • Simple reflex centre
24
Q

Two major divisions of the Peripheral nervous system

A

Autonomic and somatic

25
Q

These are functions you manage by thinking about them. This describes which subsystem?

A

Somatic

26
Q

These are nervous system processes your brain runs automatically and without you thinking about them. This describes which subsystem?

A

Autonomic

27
Q

There are _____ pairs of
spinal nerves

A

31

28
Q

The spine has (3) has meningeal coverings which are ____________________________?

A

▪ Dura mater
▪ Arachnoid mater
▪ Pia Mater

29
Q

____________________ receive information from sensory neurons (afferent pathway) and house interneuron in gray matter

A

Dorsal (Posterior) Horns

(dorsal root
ganglion)

30
Q

______________ house cell bodies of motor neurons
and sends information out ventral root (efferent pathway) in gray matter

A

Ventral (Anterior) Horns

31
Q

___________ are nerves exiting the spine coming
together into a network

A

Plexus

32
Q

What plexus controls the arm and shoulder?

A

Brachial Plexus

33
Q

What plexus controls the neck and phrenic nerve?

A

Cervical Plexus

34
Q

What plexus controls the anterior / medial thigh?

A

Lumbar Plexus

35
Q

What plexus controls the buttocks, perineum, back of thigh, and lower leg?

A

Sacral Plexus

36
Q

What are the (4) plexuses?

A
  1. Cervical
  2. Brachial
  3. Lumbar
  4. Sacral
37
Q

The descending tracks are mainly _________, and the ascending tracks are __________?

A

Motor, sensory

38
Q

Which Spinal Pathway is the following?

lateral, Descending, and Skilled, motor to extremities

A

Corticospinal tract

39
Q

Which Spinal Pathway is the following?

Posterior, Ascending, and Touch, vibration sense, proprioception?

A

Posterior column

40
Q

Which Spinal Pathway is the following?

Anterior, Ascending, and Touch, pressure?

A

Anterior
spinothalamic tract

41
Q

Which Spinal Pathway is the following?

Anterior-lateral, Ascending, and Pain, temperature

A

Lateral
spinothalamic tract

42
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

A
  • Olfactory (CN I)
  • Optic (CN II)
  • Oculomotor (CN III)
  • Trochlear (CN IV)
  • Trigeminal (CN V)
  • Abducens (CN VI)
  • Facial (CN VII)
  • Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)
  • Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
  • Vagus (CN X)
  • Accessory (CN XI)
  • Hypoglossal (CN XII)
43
Q

The Olfactory (CN I) to supply nerves to:

A

smell

44
Q

The Optic (CN II) to supply nerves to:

A

vision

45
Q

The Oculomotor (CN III) to supply nerves to:

A

4/6 eye muscles / lens / pupil

46
Q

The Trochlear (CN IV) to supply nerves to:

A

superior oblique eye muscle

47
Q

The Trigeminal (CN V) to supply nerves to:

A

sensory from face / motor to chewing muscles

48
Q

The Abducens (CN VI) to supply nerves to:

A

lateral rectus eye muscle

49
Q

The Facial (CN VII) to supply nerves to:

A

motor to all face muscles (expression)
except chewing / some taste / sensory from ear

50
Q

The Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII) to supply nerves to:

A

hearing and equilibrium

51
Q

The Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) to supply nerves to:

A

taste / sensory pharynx /
some muscles in swallowing

52
Q

The Vagus (CN X) to supply nerves to:

A

sensory, motor and autonomic glands, digestion, heart rate

53
Q

The Accessory (CN XI) to supply nerves to:

A

muscles in head movement

54
Q

The Hypoglossal (CN XII) to supply nerves to:

A

muscles of tongue

55
Q

________________ are areas of skin that connect to a specific nerve root on your spine

A

Dermatomes

Anatomy 2 (12 decks)

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