Week 2 Flashcards
Where is the heart located?
Mediastinum
What are the different layers of the heart?
Pericardium, Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium
What are the chambers of the heart?
Atria and ventricles
What is the name of the structure that separates the right and left sides of the heart?
Septum
What is the name of the valve that separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
What is the name of the valve that separates the left atrium from left ventricle?
Bicuspid valve
Mitral valve is also known as__________?
Bicuspid valve
Does the heart receive
most of the blood
when the heart
relaxes or contracts?
Relaxes
Oxygenated blood is supplied to myocardium by ________________________?
Right & left coronary arteries
Where are the right & left coronary arteries located?
From the aorta
RCA branches into __________________, and supplies right
atrium and ventricle
Right marginal artery
LCA branches into ____________________ and ____________________, and primarily supplies left ventricle and atria
Circumflex artery and anterior interventricular artery
Marginal artery pairs with the _________?
Small cardiac vein
In fetal heart circulation: All nutrient, excretory, & gas exchanges occur
through ___________ connected to fetus by umbilical cord.
Placenta
Circumflex artery is going to pair with _________?
Left marginal artery
Umbilical cord is made of which 3 parts?
one umbilical vein, and two umbilical arteries
What are the fetus’ two shunts that bypass lungs?
Foramen ovale and Ductus arteriosus
Oval “flap-like” covering in the septum of the heart, connecting R & L atria is called _______________?
Foramen ovale
What does the foramen ovale become when we are born?
Fossa ovalis
Short vessel connecting
pulmonary trunk & aorta is called ___________?
Ductus arteriosus
Ductus arteriosus becomes ___________ when we are born?
Ligamentum
arteriosum
The _____________ is a circle of arteries around the pituitary gland and the base of the brain
Circle of Willis
If you cut off the nerve supply to the
heart, would it still beat?
Yes
_________________ is defined as how the heart has cells that are self stimulating. This enables self generated rhythmic firing (spontaneous contractions) of the heart
Autorhythmicity
What is the main pacemaker of the heart?
SA node
What has the fastest rhythm and so sets the pace (or rate of contraction) for the entire heart?
SA node
What two systems regulate the heart rate?
Autonomic Nervous System + Intrinsic (built-in) Conduction
System
What nerve slows the heart rate?
Vagus nerve
What system is the vagus nerve from?
The Parasympathetic Nervous System
SA node beats at ______ bpm/min
100
The conduction system is made up of ________________ cardio myocytes
Non-contractile
The _____________ generates an electrical signal that causes the upper heart chambers (atria) to contract.
SA node
The signal from SA node then passes through the ___________________to the lower heart chambers (ventricles), causing them to contract, or pump.
AV node
Cardiac muscle cells are
connected by __________________,
which contain gap junctions
Intercalated discs
The action potential causes the
cardiac muscle cells to ___________
Contract
Is repolarization relaxation or contraction?
Relaxation
An __________________
(the device) magnifies
the electrical activity of
the heart during the
cardiac cycle.
Electrocardiograph
What does the P wave represent in the ECG?
Atrial depolarization
What does the QRS complex wave represent in the ECG?
Ventricular depolarization
What does the T wave represent in the ECG?
Ventricular repolarization
_______________ is lack of adequate blood supply to heart muscles
Ischemia
Damage to AV node = ventricles beat at their own rate means __________________.
Heart block
______________ is rapid uncoordinated shuddering of the heart muscle
Fibrillation
Condition characterized by dead tissue areas in the myocardium caused by interruption of BF to the area describes what condition?
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
What are the (4) steps in the Cardiac Cycle?
❶ Ventricular Filling
❷ Isovolumetric Contraction
❸ Ventricular Ejection
❹ Isovolumetric Relaxation
(3) steps of ventricular Filling
① rapid ventricular filling;
② diastasis;
③ atrial systole
What does EDV mean?
End-diastolic volume
________________ = the
amount of blood
pumped out by each side
of the heart in one
minute
CO (cardiac output)
What does
“CO = HR x SV” mean?
Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume
_______________= the
volume of blood pumped
out by each ventricle with
each heart beat
SV (stroke volume)
ventricle ejects as much blood as it receives from _______?
Atrium
___________ the
pressure of
circulating blood on
the walls of your
blood vessels
Blood pressure
(3) Factors affecting stroke volume of the heart
- Preload
- Afterload
- Contractibility
Amount of tension in ventricle before contraction is ____________
Preload
The posterior interventricular artery works in a pair with _______?
Middle cardiac vein
The Anterior interventricular artery works in a pair with ___________.
Great cardiac vein
Contracting force that the heart muscle must generate to
eject blood into arteries is _______________
afterload
