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Anatomy 2 > Week 10 > Flashcards

Week 10 Flashcards

Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance

1
Q

Blood composition depends on what (3) factors?

A
  1. diet
  2. cellular metabolism
  3. urine output
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2
Q

Kidneys have (4) roles in maintaining blood composition?

A
  1. Excretion of nitrogen-containing wastes
  2. Maintaining water balance of the blood
  3. Maintaining electrolyte balance of the blood
  4. Ensuring proper blood pH
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3
Q

Solutes in the body include electrolytes such as (3):

A
  • sodium
  • potassium
  • calcium ions
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4
Q

Water follow sodium most effectively, true or false?

A

True

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5
Q

Osmoreceptors react to small changes in blood composition by becoming more ________?

A

active

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6
Q

Osmoreceptors are in charge of the _______ mechanism

A

thirst

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7
Q

The water in saliva comes from ____________?

A

The blood

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8
Q

Where are osmoreceptors located?

A

hypothalamus

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9
Q

(4) Sources of water output?

A

– Lungs
– Perspiration
– Feces
– Urine

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10
Q

___________________ prevents excessive
water loss in the urine and increases water reabsorption

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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11
Q

Diabetes insipidus results when ADH is not released which leads to (2)?

A
  • Severe dehydration
  • Electrolyte imbalances
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12
Q

In diabetes insipidus, does this lead to low or high specific gravity?

A

Low specific gravity

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13
Q

___________ work by neutralizing the effects of hydrogen ions

A

Buffers

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14
Q

_______ compounds of a positively charged ion bound to a negatively charged ion

A

Salts

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15
Q

______are proton givers

A

Acids

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16
Q

_______ are proton acceptor

A

bases

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17
Q

____ is measure of hydrogen concentration

A

pH

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18
Q

_________ are a combination of a weak acid and weak base to resist changes in pH

A

buffers

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19
Q

___________ dissociate completely and liberate all of their H+ in water

A

Strong acids

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20
Q

E.g. of strong acid

A

HCL

21
Q

______________ dissociate only partially such as carbonic acid

A

Weak acids

22
Q

_______________ dissociate easily in water and sponge up H+

A

Strong bases

23
Q

_____________ such as bicarbonate ion and
ammonia, are slower to accept H+

A

Weak bases

24
Q

E.g. of a strong base?

A

Hydroxide OH-

25
Q

H⁺ don’t exist as individual particles, instead they combine with some water molecules to produce?

A

hydronium ions (H₃O⁺)
-> Acidic solution

26
Q

Neutralizing reaction is:

strong acid + strong base = ___________

A

water + salt

27
Q

Blood/fluid pH is?

A

7.35-7.45 pH

28
Q

Body has (2) types of buffers?

A
  • Physiological
  • Chemical buffers
29
Q

Do buffers neutralize acids or bases?

A

No - because buffers use weak acids and bases

30
Q

What type of buffer is immediate?

A

Chemical buffers

31
Q

What type of buffer controls the elimination of CO2?

A

Respiratory system buffers - (CO2 is a source of acid)

32
Q

What type of buffer eliminates H+ and reabsorbs and generates bicarbonate ions?

A

Renal system buffers

33
Q

What type of buffer combines excess acids or bases to prevent changes in pH?

A

Chemical buffers

34
Q

e.g. of weak acid?

A

Carbonic acid

35
Q

Bicarbonate system is a mixture of (2)

A

carbonic acid (H2CO3) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)

36
Q

K+ shifts more pronounced in __________________?

A

metabolic acidosis

37
Q

____________ are the largest buffer system in the body

A

Proteins

38
Q

(2) body protein buffer examples?

A

albumin and plasma globulins

39
Q

___________ can function as acids or bases
(amphoteric)

A

proteins

40
Q

The _______________________________ system is a process that occurs when hydrogen ions are exchanged for potassium ions across the cell membrane

A

transcellular hydrogen-potassium exchange

41
Q

In the respiratory system _______levels in our blood is the same as acid levels in our blood

A

CO2

42
Q

In the respiratory system, _______________ sense changes in the PaCO2 (partial pressure of CO2) and pH of the blood and alter ventilatory rate

A

Chemoreceptors

43
Q

If you increase your respiratory rate you “blow off” CO2 (acid) therefore decreasing your CO2 (acid) this gives you ___________?

A

Alkalosis

44
Q

If you decrease your respiratory rate you
retain CO2 (acid) therefore increasing your CO2 (acid) this gives you ______________?

A

Acidosis

45
Q

_____________ disorders result from the addition or loss of excess acid or alkali

A

metabolic

46
Q

______________ disorders reflects an increase or decrease in alveolar ventilation

A

Repiratory

47
Q

Does acidosis or alkalosis cause the symptoms of confusion, disorientation, coma?

A

Acidosis

48
Q

Does acidosis or alkalosis cause the symptoms of causing spasms, convulsions, and respiratory paralysis?

A

Alkalosis

Anatomy 2 (13 decks)

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