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Anatomy 2 > Week 12 > Flashcards

Week 12 Flashcards

Muscular system

1
Q

What type of muscle is multinucleate?

A

skeletal muscle

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2
Q

Are skeletal muscles controlled
by hormones?

A

No

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3
Q

What is the specialized plasma membrane of skeletal muscles?

A

sarcolemma

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4
Q

What are long organelles inside muscle cell?

A

myofibrils

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5
Q

What bands give the muscle its striped appearance?

A

Light (I) bands and dark (A) bands

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6
Q

What type of muscle is fusiformed?

A

smooth muscle

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7
Q

What are the (3) layers of connective tissue of skeletal muscles?

A
  • epimysium
  • perimysium (surrounds fascicles)
  • endomysium
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8
Q

What layer does the cardiac and smooth muscle both have?

A

endomysium

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9
Q

a bundle of skeletal muscle cells is called?

A

A fascicle

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10
Q

Muscle fiber is AKA?

A

Skeletal muscle cell

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11
Q

What is the contractile unit of a
muscle fiber?

A

Sarcomere

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12
Q

Is I band light or dark bands?

A

Light bands

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13
Q

Is A band light or dark bands?

A

Dark bands

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14
Q

Which banding pattern contains only think filaments?

A

Light bands / (I) bands

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15
Q

Which banding pattern contains only the entire length of the thick filaments?

A

Dark bands / (A) bands

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16
Q

thin filaments are AKA?

A

Actin

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17
Q

thick filaments are AKA?

A

Myosin

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18
Q

What is a support beam of the actin bridge (a midline interupption)?

A

Z disc

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19
Q

What is a support beam of the myosin bridge (a midline interruption)?

A

M line

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20
Q

The region between two Z discs is where sarcomeres are present, true or false?

A

True

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21
Q

What zone is a lighter central area?

A

H zone

22
Q

M line is in center of what?

A

H zone

23
Q

What myofilaments in the sarcomere are composed of the contractile protein
actin?

A

Thin filaments

24
Q

When myosin heads link thick and
thin filaments during contraction, this is referred to as?

A

Cross bridges

25
Q

Does myosin or actin contain ATPase?

A

myosin

26
Q

What specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum stores and releases calcium in the skeletal muscle?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

27
Q

What does Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) surround?

A

Myofiber

28
Q

Irritability is AKA?

A

responsiveness

29
Q

The ability for the cell to receive and respond to a stimulus is referred to as?

A

irritability

30
Q

The ability for the cell to shorten when an adequate stimulus is received is called?

A

Contractility

31
Q

The ability of muscle cells to be stretched is called?

A

extensibility

32
Q

The ability for the cell to recoil and resume resting length after stretching is called?

A

Elasticity

33
Q

In order for skeletal muscles to contract, it must be stimulated by what type of cell?

A

a motor neuron (nerve cell)

34
Q

When one motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle cells stimulated by that neuron, this is known as?

A

Motor unit

35
Q

The association site of axon terminal of the motor neuron and sarcolemma of a muscle is called?

A

Neuromuscular junction

36
Q

What neurotransmitter stimulates skeletal muscle?

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

37
Q

What is the gap between nerve
and muscle that is filled with interstitial fluid?

A

Synaptic cleft

38
Q

Is muscle fiber contraction is “all or none” or gradual?

A

All or none

39
Q

different degrees of skeletal
muscle shortening is AKA?

A

Graded responses

40
Q

What immediate source of energy for muscle contraction do we need?

A

ATP

41
Q

(3) Three ways to generate ATP?

A
  1. Direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate
  2. Aerobic respiration
  3. Anaerobic glycolysis and lactic acid formation
42
Q

What type of acid produces muscle fatigue and needs a huge amount of glucose?

A

Lactic acid

43
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis reaction that breaks
down glucose without?

A

Oxygen

44
Q

In anaerobic glycolysis, glucose is first broken down to pyruvic acid and then it is converted to?

A

Lactic acid

45
Q

The temporary shortage of oxygen in the body’s cells that occurs during the beginning of strenuous exercise is called?

A

oxygen deficit

46
Q

If muscle activity is strenuous and
prolonged, muscle fatigue occurs because of what (3) things?

A

▪ Ionic imbalances occur
▪ Lactic acid accumulates in the muscle
▪ Energy (ATP) supply decreases

47
Q

What are (2) type of Muscle Contractions?

A
  • Isotonic contractions
  • Isometric contractions
48
Q

When myofilaments are able to slide past each other during contractions, what kind of muscle contraction is this?

A

Isotonic contraction

49
Q

What type of contraction causes the muscle to shorten and movement will occur?

A

Isotonic contraction

50
Q

What type of contraction causes the muscle to unable to shorten or produce
movement?

A

Isometric contraction

51
Q

The result of a staggered series of nerve impulses delivered to different cells within the muscle is referred to as?

A

Muscle tone

52
Q

If the nerve supply to the muscle is destroyed, what happens?

A

Muscle atrophy and/or paralysis

Anatomy 2 (13 decks)

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