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Psychopathology > Week 5: Psychotic Disorders > Flashcards

Week 5: Psychotic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Between academic and clinical opinions…the definition of psychosis is _________

A

Contentious

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2
Q

Psychotic disorders are characterised by ________ and __________ symptoms

A

positive; negative

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3
Q

What are positive symptoms?

A

Additional features that should not be there such as hallucinations

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4
Q

What are negative symptoms?

A

Absence or insufficiency of normal behaviour

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5
Q

_____________ : Experience of a sensory event without input from the surrounding environment

A

Hallucinations

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6
Q

What are the most common type of hallucinations?

A

Auditory hallucinations

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7
Q

__________: A false belief not generally held by other members of the person’s culture which is firmly held despite evidence to the contrary

A

Delusions

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8
Q

Delusions or _______ are often associated with manic phase of bipolar

A

grandeur

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9
Q

What is the most common type of delusion?

A

Paranoid delusions

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10
Q

Delusions of ________ : general information refers to you

A

reference

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11
Q

Delusions of being ________ (passivity phenomena)

A

controlled

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12
Q

Is disorganised thinking a positive or negative symptom?

A

Positive

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13
Q

Is disorganised behaviour a positive or negative symptom?

A

Positive

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14
Q

Formal ______ disorder: Disturbances in logical sequencing and coherence of thought.

A

thought

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15
Q

Are current treatments for psychotic features better at treating positive or negative symptoms?

A

Better at positive

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16
Q

__________: lack of activity initiation

A

abolition

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17
Q

What is the most common psychotic disorder?

A

Schizophrenia

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18
Q

____________: Psychotic disorder that may involve disturbances in thinking (delusions and though disorder), perception (hallucinations), speech, emotions, and behaviour

A

Schizophrenia

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19
Q

_________ disorder: Cluster of disorders characterised by hallucinations and/or loss of contact with reality

A

psychotic disorder

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20
Q

__________ disorder: persistent belief country to reality (delusion) in the absence of other symptoms of schizophrenia

A

delusional

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21
Q

Delusions are often long-standing and may persist over several years in __________ disorder

A

delusional

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22
Q

Are the delusions in schizophrenia or delusional disorder more realistic?

A

Delusional disorder

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23
Q

_______ _______ disorder: Psychotic symptoms present for up to one month, with full return to premorbid functioning

A

break psychotic disorder

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24
Q

_______ ________ disorder (Folie a Deux) : delusions develop as a result of close relationship with a delusional individual

A

shared psychotic

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25
Q

_____________ disorder: Equivalent to schizophrenia, but lasting less than 6 months

A

schizophreniform

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26
Q

___________ disorder: psychotic disorder with symptoms of both schizophrenia and mood disorder

A

schizoaffective disorder

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27
Q

______ - _______ psychotic disorders

A

Prominent hallucinations or delusions

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28
Q

Patients with psychosis often suffer from _________ which may then contribute to suicide

A

depression

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29
Q

_______ phase: risk factors before any change (e.g. poor peer relationships in adolescents.

A

premorbid

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30
Q

________ phase: preliminary period of change prior to onset (gradual deterioration in mental state/behaviour

A

prodromal

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31
Q

______ phase: active positive and negative symptoms

A

acute phase

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32
Q

___ _____ phase: associated with depression and anxiety

A

early recovery

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33
Q

Later ________ phase: challenges with reintegration

A

recovery

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34
Q

_______ - _______ model states that psychotic episode occurs because of an interaction between an underlying vulnerability and some stressful triggering event

A

Diathesis-Stress

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35
Q

Drugs that increase dopamine (_________), result in schizophrenia-like behaviour

A

agonists

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36
Q

Drugs that decrease dopamine (_________), result in schizophrenia-like behaviour

A

antagonists

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37
Q

People with schizophrenia have enlarged _________ and decreased activity in their _________ lobes; also a smaller ___________

A

ventricles; frontal; hippocampus

38
Q

Decreased activity in the frontal lobes is called __________

A

hypofrontality

39
Q

Stress hormones affect early __________ development

A

hippocampus

40
Q

________ ________ is the critical, hostile, and emotionally over-involved attitude that relatives have toward a family member with a disorder

A

Expressed emotion

41
Q

_______ _______ imagery theory of hallucinations: hallucination individuals have increased vividness of their auditory imagery – miss-interpret it as a real sound

A

Refined auditory

42
Q

Dtysfunctioning in _____ self monitoring: A breakdown in ability to monitor one’s intention to make internal speech – confuses internal speech as external

A

verbal

43
Q

Individuals with ________ tend to blame other people rather than themselves when faced with negative life events

A

delusions

44
Q

Evidence of a deficit in information storage is related to ______ ______ disorder

A

formal thought

45
Q

________ distress may contribute to the formal thought disorder

A

emotional

46
Q

________ - economy was a psychological intervention used in psychotic disorders

A

token

47
Q

There is no universally agreed upon definition of ___________

A

psychosis

48
Q

What are the five diverse symptoms of psychotic disorders stated by the DSM?

A
  • Delusions
  • Hallucinations
  • Disorganised thinking
  • disorganised or abnormal motor behaviour
  • negative symptoms
49
Q

Positive symptoms of psychotic disorder are ___________, delusions, ________ disorder, and ______ disturbances

A

delusions, thought, motor

50
Q

__________ symptoms refer to deficits in psychological processes including ______, affective flattening, and ______

A

abolition, alogia

51
Q

What is alogia?

A

A lack of unprompted speech

52
Q

What is avolition?

A

Loss of drive or motivation

53
Q

___________ are the most distressing of psychotic symptoms

A

hallucinations

54
Q

__ % of patients with schizophrenia report hallucinations

A

75

55
Q

__________ delusions: a agency or group is trying to harm the individual etc.

A

paranoid

56
Q

________ of reference: highly personal messages are apparently being conveyed by neutral sources (a poster or bus commercial)

A

delusions

57
Q

_________ delusions: a false belief regarding the appearance or functioning of one’s body

A

somatic

58
Q

_________ delusions are associated, but not restricted to, manic episodes

A

grandiose

59
Q

_________ delusions and delusions of guilt are typically associated with episodes of severe major depression

A

nihilistic

60
Q

_________ delusions include a conviction that one is dead or that parts of one’s body or the environment have ceased to exist

A

nihilistic

61
Q

________ delusions are also known as ‘morbid delusions’ or the ‘othello’ syndrome

A

jealousy

62
Q

__________ delusions entail a false belief that the patient’s romantic feelings are reciprocated by the other person

A

erotomanic

63
Q

Delusions that entail a belief that the patient is under the control of some person, force, or agency are known as ________ phenomena

A

passivity

64
Q

Aside from content, delusions are also categorised into _____ and non-________ on the basis of whether they are considered physically possible within a person’s culture

A

bizarre; non-bizarre

65
Q

(Primary/Secondary) delusions are those that have formed without a prior psychopathological event or process having led to the false conclusion

A

Primary

66
Q

(Primary/Secondary) delusions are theoretically subsequent to abnormal changes in mood, memory, or perception

A

Secondary

67
Q

________ _________ disorder refers to disturbance in the logical sequencing and coherence of thought

A

Formal thought

68
Q

The severity of Formal Thought Disorder is inferred through assessments of the person’s ________

A

speech

69
Q

Disturbances of thought can be divided into _______ (addition of disturbed thought processes) and _________ (deficit in thought processes) manifestations

A

positive; negative

70
Q

________ _________ disorder refers to a reduced stream of thought as evident in poverty of speech

A

Negative thought

71
Q

________ behaviour is defined as ‘a marked decrease in reactivity to the environment’

A

Catatonic

72
Q

__________ behaviour: marked motor abnormalities such as adopting unusual postures or engaging in repetitive movements

A

Catatonic

73
Q

_____ features refer to those symptoms that are necessary for a diagnosis

A

core

74
Q

Two of five symptoms mist be present for a significant portion during a one month period for a diagnosis of schizophrenia. What are the five possible symptoms?

A
  • Delusions
  • Hallucinations
  • Disorganised speech
  • Disorganised or catatonic behaviour
  • Negative symptoms
75
Q

Finally for a schizophrenia diagnosis… continuous signs of schizophrenia must have been consistently present for at least __ months

A

6

76
Q

Patients with psychotic disorders often suffer from d_________

A

depression

77
Q

The use of ________ is associated with an earlier onset of psychosis

A

cannabis

78
Q

What was the earliest term for schizophrenia?

A

Dementia praecox

79
Q

The lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia is approx _ to _ %

A

1 to 2

80
Q

The _________-_______ model assumes that a psychotic episode occurs when a triggering event interacts with an underlying vulnerability and overwhelms the coping resources of the individual

A

diathesis-stress

81
Q

The _______ hypothesis of schizophrenia states that the disorder is associated with excessive _________ function in the central nervous system

A

dopamine; dopaminergic

82
Q

Negative symptoms of psychosis have been closely associated with the loss of ______ and ______ brain matter…particularly in the _______ cortex

A

grey; white; prefrontal

83
Q

Abnormalities in the ___________ appear to predate the onset of psychosis (at least among those with a family history of psychosis)

A

Hippocampus

84
Q

_________ models propose that early psychosocial experiences (such as exposure to stress and trauma) result in the formation of dysfunctional cognitions that in turn trigger psychotic symptoms

A

Cognitive

85
Q

Patients with ________ tend to make for cognitive errors in tasks of general reasoning

A

Delusions

86
Q

What Model has had a great impact on the development and use of treatment options for schizophrenia and psychosis?

A

The Diathesis-Stress Model.

87
Q

What type of treatment is used in the prodromal phase?

A

CBT

88
Q

When is psychoeducation most helpful in the treatment of psychotic disorders?

A

During and after the first episode of psychotic symptoms during the acute phase.

89
Q

___________ approaches are at the centre of care for the treatment of acute psychosis

A

pharmacological

90
Q

Should high or low effective does be prescribed first during the acute psychosis stage?

A

The lowest possible.

91
Q

What does tardive dyskinesia result from?

A

Taking neuroleptic drugs

Psychopathology (11 decks)

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