Health Psychology Flashcards
Health psychology follows the __________ model
biopsychosocial model
_________: the state of complete physical, social and spiritual wellbeing, not simply the absence of illness
health
_______-________ interactions can operate through the immune, central nervous and hormonal systems to directly affect health
Mind-Body
_______ ________ refer to beliefs about a situation or condition and the likely outcome of behaviours
Social cognitions
The _______ ______ model proposes that the likelihood of a person engaging in a particular health behaviour depends on demographic and psychosocial factors
health belief
The perceived severity, susceptibility, benefits, barriers, cues to action, and health motivations are all factors in what model?
The Health Belief Model
___ to _____ refers to stimuli in the environment that indicate the need to engage in health behaviours
Cues to action (experiencing symptoms etc)
Threat and coping appraisals are related to which socio-cognitive model?
Protection Motivation Theory
_______ _________ ________ suggests that when confronted with a health threat, people evaluate its severity and likely occurrence, and responded emotionally to this assessment with fear and then appraise their ability to cope.
Protection motivation theory
Theory of ______ _______, performance of a behaviour is determined by the strength of a person’s intention to perform that behaviour
reasoned action
What was the factor that made theory of reasoned action the theory of planned behaviour?
Perceived control
Attitudes towards behaviours and subjective norms are part of theory of _________ ________
theory of reasoned action
According to the Stage of change model, can relapse occur any time before the termination phase?
Yes
Different strategies are needed at different stages in what model?
The stages of change model
Interventions that challenge denial should be used in which stage of the stages of change model?
Pre-contemplation
Stages of change Theory of reasoned action Theory of planned behaviour The health belief model Self regulation theory
are all ______-________ models
socio-cognitive
____-_________ theory proposes that individuals activity work towards goals, so as to maintain emotional comfort and to decrease the effect of a healthcare event on their daily lives
self-regulation
What are the 5 cognitive illness representations of Self-Regulation theory? 1 I\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2 C\_\_\_\_\_ 3 T\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 4 C\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 5 C\_\_\_\_\_/C\_\_\_
Identity; Cause; Timeline; Consequences; Control/Cure
_________ _________ can have a direct effect on behaviour by motivating responses that will reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions
Emotional responses
The _______ _____ ________ approach suggests that health behaviour is a process that consists of a pre-intentional motivation phase and a post-intentional volition phase
The health action process approach
______ is likely to play a greater role in the development of cancers influenced by hormonal changes or immunological factors
Stress
Does acute stress affect the sympathetic nervous system?
Yes
_________ refers to an occupational stress-reaction that is thought to result from high demands and low resources in the workplace
Burnout
In the ________ model, the doctor ensures that the patient receives interventions that best promote his/her health and wellbeing
paternalistic
___________ presentation has been shown to improve the perception, understanding and interpretation of quantitative information compared to words and numbers
Graphical
Pictographs or histograms are the best format for presenting risk informations to patients?
Pictographs
_________ aids have been defined as interventions designed to help people make specific and deliberate choices among options by providing information on the options and outcomes relevant to a patients health
Decision
_______ _______ of life is broadly defined as covering an individual’s evaluation of his/her life in all its aspects
Optimal quality of life
______-QOL refers to the impact of changes in health status on a person’s life
Health
________ shift model: refers to when individuals experiences change in circumstances, such as a serious threat, the areas that they evaluate as important to them are likely to change
Response
Morse and Johnson four phases in peoples response to illness: 1 U\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2 D\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3 Striving for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 4 Restoration of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Uncertainty; Disruption; Striving for recovery; Restoration of wellbeing
Health psychology is:
1 Promotion and maintenance of _______
2 Prevention and treatment of ________
3 Identifying ______ of health and illness
4 Improving the health care system
Health; Illness; Causes
What model was created to explain readiness to undertake easy, preventative actions (such as immunisation)?
The Health Belief Model
1 Perceived personal ________ to the disease
2 Perceived _________ of the disease
3 Perceived ________ to preventative action
4 Perceived ________ to preventative action
Four components of the HBM
Susceptibility; Severity; Benefits; Barriers
Does the HBM account for cognitive or social factors?
Not really
What are the two factors that all others in PMT subsumed into?
Threat and Coping appraisals
What is the difference between TRA and TPB?
In the TPB, perceived behavioural control has been added.
What is currently the most supported health model?
Theory of Planned Behaviour
Cognitive and behavioural are the two overarching factors of the stages of _______ model
change
_______ processes are more involved during the earlier stages, while _______ processes are more involved in the later stages in the stages of change model
Cognitive; Behavioural
What is the “Decision Balance” component apart of?
Stages of Change Model
In the Decision Balance…(Pros/Cons) are more used at the start, and (Pros/Cons) are more used in that later stages
Cons; Pros
_________ - an event that evokes stress response
stressor
Initial physiological response to stress is a reflex response initiated by the ___________
amygdala
________
- Acute
- Chronic
- Major
- Minor
- Artificial/Naturalistic
- Isolation/repeated
- Cascade
Stressors
What are the three systems related to the Fight/Flight response?
Nervous, endocrine, and immune system
If the built up stress in the Fight/Flight response is not released it turns into what?
Illness
What are the three phases in the General Adaption Syndrome?
Fight/Flight; Resistance; Exhaustion
___________ appraisal in the Transactional model of stress asks “is there a potential threat”?
Primary
Transactional Model of stress:
- _______ -expectation of future harm
- _________ - opportunity to achieve growth, etc
- ___-loss - amount of damage already caused
Threat; Challenge; Harm-loss
What are the two ways to control emotional responses to stress?
Behavioural, cognitive
_________-focused coping: Aimed at reducing the demands of the situation or expanding the resource for dealing with it
Problem
