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Psychopathology > Ageing and Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Ageing and Psychological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Social ___________: as we age, we focus on the interpersonal relationships that matter most

A

selectivity

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2
Q

_____________: Practice of prescribing multiple drugs to patients

A

Polypharmacy

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3
Q

____ effects: The effects of being a certain age

A

Age

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4
Q

_________ Effects: The effects of growing up in a certain time period (great depression, war)

A

Cohort

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5
Q

____-of-___________ effects: The effects of testing people at particular times of history

A

Time or measurement

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6
Q

___________ ageing refers to changes that occur due to the passage of chronological time

A

Primary

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7
Q

__________ ageing is not a normal part of ageing and includes disease states

A

secondary

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8
Q

___________ processing ________ decline: Declines are in effortful, speed-based, tasks rather than automatic processing

A

Information processing capacity decline

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9
Q

The _______ lobe theory: _______ lobe deterioration occurs in later life affecting higher order cognitive processes

A

The frontal lobe theory

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10
Q

psychiatric diagnoses ______ later in life

A

decline

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11
Q

What is Erikson’s psychosocial crisis stage and basic virtue at +65?

A

Ego integrity vs. Despair; Wisdom

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12
Q

Cohen’s four key stages later in life:

1: Mid-life re-________: exploration and transition
2: L_______: more comfortable and not afraid of mistakes
3: ________-up: resolution and review
4: E_______: a desire to make a final statement

A

evaluation; liberation; summing-up; encore

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13
Q

________: Marked deterioration of cognitive function (Impaired social and occupational functioning that is progressive)

A

Dementia

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14
Q

What is Dementia now known as?

A

Neurocognitive disorder

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15
Q

______ Neurocognitive disorder: Significant decline in attention, executive functioning, memory etc. These interfere with everyday activities

A

Major

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16
Q

______ Neurocognitive disorder: modest decline in attention, executive functioning, memory etc that does not interfere with the capacity for independence in everyday activities

A

mild

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17
Q

What is typically the first symptom in dementia?

A

Gradual loss in recent memory

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18
Q

Is difficulty with emotional control found in dementia?

A

Yes

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19
Q

______: Inability to identify object despite intact senses

A

Agnosia

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20
Q

_______: problems with learned activities despite intact motor functions

A

Apraxia

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21
Q

______: Impairment in comprehending or expressing language

A

Aphasia

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22
Q

Depression can sometimes be the first sign of d______

A

dementia

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23
Q

Psychosis, anger and aggression, and anxiety are some symptoms associated with ________

A

dementia

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24
Q

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of _________

A

dementia

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25
Q

In Alzheimers…plaques are found in the ______ cortex, while tangles are primarily found in the __________

A

Prefrontal; hippocampus

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26
Q

__________ dementia : cognitive deterioration related to cerebrovascular disease

A

Vascular

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27
Q

___________ Dementia is the second most common cause of dementia

A

vascular

28
Q

Risk factors for _________ dementia include strokes, hypertension, diabetes, smoking

A

vascular

29
Q

______ _______ dementia is due to cognitive deterioration due to changes in cortical neurons

A

lewy body dementia

30
Q

_____ ______ dementia is the third most common dementia

A

Lewy Body

31
Q

Hallucinations and delusions are common in what type of dementia?

A

Lewy Body Dementia

32
Q

_____________ dementia is a hereditary disorder that affect the the frontal and temporal lobes and mainly affects personality and language

A

Frontotemporal

33
Q

Behaviour becomes disinhibited and repetitive in __________ dementia

A

frontotemporal

34
Q

Are there phases of dementia?

A

Yes

35
Q

Key features of _____ stage dementia are problems with word findings, forgetful about recent events, indecisiveness and take longer with routine jobs

A

early

36
Q

Features of _________ stage dementia are very forgetful, confuse one family member with another, start getting lost, become easily disoriented and distressed.

A

intermediate

37
Q

Features of _____ stage dementia is unable to remember information for even a few minutes, lose ability to understand and use speech, show no recognition of friends and family

A

Late

38
Q

_____-stage dementia results in coma and death due to immune system compromise

A

end

39
Q

In dementia, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are intended to ________ functioning (delay worsening) and usually prescribe for mild to moderate symptoms

A

preserve

40
Q 
Eating well
Exercising
Keeping the mind active
Seeing your GP
Develop and maintain social support

are all presentations for _________

A

dementia

41
Q

_____-life depression is major depression after 60

A

Late

42
Q

Is anxiety or depression more common in later life ?

A

anxiety

43
Q

Bates theory of Selection, ___________, and ___________

A

optimisation; compensation

44
Q

Baltes theory:

1: Identify and prioritise ______
2: __________ performance
3: ___________- adapting to limitations

A

Goals; Optimise performance; Compensating

45
Q

_________ intelligent does not decline much in old age but _______ does

A

crystallised; Fluid

46
Q

________ attention: defined as the ability to control one’s attentional processes is a complex attentional process that decreases with age

A

Executive

47
Q

Reduced blood flow to the frontal lobes could explain _______ ________ declines in older age

A

Executive attention

48
Q

_________ memory, or memory about remembering is affected by age

A

Prospective

49
Q

Memory for facts (_______ memory) is more resistant to ageing compared to memory for events (________ memory)

A

Semantic; Empisodic

50
Q

Is recognition or recall memory more resistant to change in old age?

A

Recognition

51
Q

________: expert knowledge and judgement about important, difficult, or uncertain questions encountered during life

A

Wisdom

52
Q

What is one reason that mood and anxiety disorders decline into old age?

A

They have mastered better coping strategies for managing distressing emotions

53
Q

Erikson emphasised _______, while Costa and McCrae emphasised ________

A

change; stability

54
Q

When does the mid life re-evaluation phase occur?

A

40s-60s

55
Q

When does the Liberation stage occur?

A

60-70

56
Q

When does the summing up stage occur?

A

70s

57
Q

When does the Encore phase occur?

A

80s onward

58
Q

__________ has been regarded as a term for a broad class of neurological disorders associated with cognitive, personality and behavioural changes in later life

A

Dementia

59
Q

________: a twisted mass of tiny filaments inside nerve cells; ________: abnormal clumps of degenerating brain cells

A

Tangles; Plaques

60
Q

a_______ b____ produces plaques and tangles

A

amyloid beta

61
Q

: Multiple cortical infarcts (strokes)
: Single infarct in a critical brain region
: Small vessel disease in the brain

are the three causes of what type of dementia?

A

Vascular

62
Q

What is a hallmark feature in frontotemporal dementia?

A

A decline in interpersonal conduct (being ruder)

63
Q

Can someone ever be diagnosed with dementia while alive?

A

No it is either probable (2 symptoms) or possible (1 symptom) until death where an autopsy can be performed

64
Q

Loss of ________ in old age is reported particularly in common with depression

A

memory

65
Q

Those with late-onset __________ experience significant cognitive dysfunction, increased comorbidity of medical illnesses

A

depression

66
Q

What is the most common suicide provoker in old age?

A

A single episode of unipolar depression without psychotic symptoms

67
Q

As a treatment option, are anti-anxiety medications recommended in anxiety later in life?

A

No not at all because of negative side effects

Psychopathology (11 decks)

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