Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychopathology > Week 4 : Mood disorders > Flashcards

Week 4 : Mood disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Bipolar _ disorder: Manic episodes or mixed episodes plus MDE

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bipolar _ disorder: Major depressive episodes plus hypomanic episodes

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

________: hypomanic symptoms plus depressive symptoms

A

Cyclothymia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is cyclothymia?

A

Hypomanic symptoms plus depressive symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is bipolar 1 characterised by?

A

manic episodes or mixed episodes plus MDE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is bipolar 2 characterised?

A

major depressive episodes plus hypomanic episodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the key feature of bipolar disorder?

A

The tendency for mood to alternate between manic or hypomanic episodes and MDEs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If a patient has:

  • Period of abnormally and persistently elevated or irritable mood
  • Abnormally and persistently increases goal directed activity or energy

They most likely are having a …..

A

manic episode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a hypomanic in relation to a manic episode?

A

It is not as severe, does not cause significant impairment or psychotic symptoms, and is shorter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

__________ disorders are characterised by sad, empty, or irritable mood accompanied by a range of other features such as feelings of worthlessness and low energy

A

Depressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

_________ ___________ __________ is characterised by a continuous period of at least two weeks during which the person feels depressed, sad, empty, or hopeless.

A

Major depressive disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is anhedonia?

A

Inability to experience pleasure for previously pleasurable activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Inability to experience pleasure for previously pleasurable activities is called?

A

anhedonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A __________ is an extension to the diagnosis that further clarifies the course, severity or special features of the disorder.

A

Specifier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the four specifiers in MDD?

A
  • Severity
  • numer of episodes
  • degree of recovery between episodes
  • whether there are accompanying psychotic features
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does “MDD with peripartum onset” mean?

A

MDE’s that occur during pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What increases the risk of MDE permperipartum onset?

A

Women experiencing psychosocial pressures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

__% of people with MDD report significant _______ symptoms

A

50 ; anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What disorder is characterised by severe temper outbursts and persistent irritability and anger that is out of proportion and developmentally inappropriate?

A

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is dysthymia now called?

A

Persistant mood disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the difference between MDD and persistent mood disorder?

A

PMD is less severe but more chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the five things that Risk Assessment looks for?

A
  • Suicide
  • Self Harm
  • Violence
  • Reputation
  • Financial Harm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the most commonly assessed type of risk associated with depression and schizophrenia?

A

Suicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is an example of risk of violence that a psychologist would help with?

A

3rd command hallucinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What risk to self is most associated with psychotic disorders and particularly mania?

A

Risk of reputation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Risk of financial harm is associated with ______

A

Mania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the six questions that assess danger to self (suicide)?

A
  • Suicide ideation?
  • Suicidal plan?
  • Access to plan?
  • Preparations made?
  • Command hallucinations?
  • Family/network history?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Do people with dysthymic disorder (or persistent depressive disorder) normally go on to have depressive episodes?

A

Yes (it is called the double depression)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

If you were depressed for most days for at least 2 years you might have….

A

Persistent depressive disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the median onset ages for MDD and PDD?

A

30 and 20s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the average duration of the first Major Depressive episode?

A

4 - 9 months `

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the DSM 5 specifiers of Bipolar Disorder?

A
  • Seasonal
  • Portpartum (4 weeks after giving birth)
  • Catatonic features (physical symptoms)
  • Psychotic features (delusions or hallucinations)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Manic episodes are more common in _____ while rapid cycling more common in _____

A

men; women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the negative triad features?

A

Negative view of:

  • self
  • World
  • Future
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is a negative schema?

A

Tendency to see the world negatively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Negative schemas can cause cognitive ____

A

Biases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Drawing a conclusion in the absence of sufficient information is called _______ _______

A

Arbitrary inference

38
Q

______ _______: Focus on one element while ignoring all others

A

selective abstraction

39
Q

What are the three pessimistic attributional styles?

A

Internal; Stable; Global

40
Q

In the goal dysregulation model…mania is the result of excessive ____ engagement

A

Goal

41
Q

__________ is the first line treatment in bipolar disorders

A

Medication

42
Q

Problems associated with unipolar depression are increased rick of _______, difficulties performing occupational or social activities, _______ disorders and physical health

A

suicide; anxiety

43
Q

What factors increase the risk of suicide (5)?

A
  • Being a male
  • co-occurence of substance abuse disorder
  • stressful life events
  • previous history of suicide attempts
  • parent child conflict (for children/adolescents)
44
Q

What three factors generally separate suicide ideators and suicide attempters?

A

unemployment, physical ill health, and relationship difficulties

45
Q

Do anxiety disorders or depressive disorders normally precede the other?

A

Anxiety disorders

46
Q

__________ has been associated with poorer immune system functioning

A

depression

47
Q

Particualr parenting styles can impact an individuals risk of contracting major ________ ________

A

depressive disorder

48
Q

The main neurotransmitters implicated with depression are __________, ______________, _____________.

A

Serotonin; Noradrenaline; Dopamine

49
Q

Serotonin; Noradrenaline and Dopamine are monoamines that are concentrated in the ________ system

A

limbic

50
Q

People who are depressed tend to demonstrate chronic overactivity of the __________ - _________ - _________ axis, which in turn affects the way in which monoamine neurotransmitters work in the brain

A

hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal

51
Q

There is strong evidence that stressful life events can act as causal triggers for depressive episodes and they typically precede the episode by _ to _ months

A

6 - 9

52
Q

What type of life events are particularly associated with the onset of a depressive episode?

A

Loss and failure

53
Q

__________ theories have dominated psychological aetiology theories towards depression

A

cognitive

54
Q

Is the learned helplessness model associated with depression?

A

Yes. Individuals can learn to have learned helplessness

55
Q

The negative attributional style is one that interprets negative life events as being due to internal, ________, and ________ factors

A

global; stable

56
Q

Aaron Beck proposed that negative experiences in childhood may result in the development of dysfunctional core beliefs about the ____, others, and the ______

A

self; world

57
Q

What are the three factors of the negative triad?

A

Negative view of self, the world, and the future

58
Q

___________ models of depression suggest that depression is maintained because there are benefits for depressed behaviours

A

behavioural

59
Q

__________ theories hold that depression is a form of pathological grief

A

psychoanalytic

60
Q

One type of family communication style of _____ _____, which entails high levels of criticism, hostility and/or over - involvement

A

expressed emotions

61
Q

The key aim of _______ based ______ _______ is to teach individuals to develop a different relationship to their negative thinking

A

mindfullness based cognitive therapy

62
Q

_________ disorder: mood disorder marked by manic/hypomanic episodes and depressive episodes (previously called ______-depression)

A

Bipolar; manic

63
Q

John Cade believed that _____ ( a protein breakdown product in urine) was a causal factor in what he refferred to as manic depressive insanity

A

urea

64
Q

In memory of his work…bipolar 1 is termed “_____’s disease”

A

Cades

65
Q

A ________ ________ requires that a person show elevated, expansive or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased gold-directed activity or energy.

A

Manic episode

66
Q

Individuals must experience manic symptoms for at least __ days to be marked as bipolar disorder

A

7 (one week)

67
Q

___________ is the sense that anything is possible

A

grandiosity

68
Q

Does hypomania involve hallucinations and delusions?

A

Not normally

69
Q

Does hypomania markedly interfere with daily functioning?

A

No

70
Q

Are major depressive episodes required for a bipolar 1 disorder?

A

No, but they usually accompany manic episodes

71
Q

________ _ disorder is characterised by the presence of one or more manic episodes

A

bipolar 1

72
Q

Is at least one depressive episode and hypomanic period required for the diagnosis of bipolar 1 or bipolar 2 disorder?

A

Bipolar 2

73
Q

What is the criteria of rapid cycling bipolar disorder?

A

At least four or more experiences with either bipolar (manic or depressive) episodes a year

74
Q

_________ disorder is a more chronic but less severe type of bipolar disorder

A

cyclothymic

75
Q

_________ disorder can be prone to both under and over diagnosing

A

bipolar

76
Q

The most common under diagnosis for patients with bipolar disorder are either __________ or __________

A

schizophrenic or depression (unipolar)

77
Q

Are women or men more likely to experience bipolar 1 disorder

A

An equal prevalence

78
Q

What is the median onset age for bipolar?

A

25 years

79
Q

Is the depressed or manic the predominant mood disturbance in bipolar disorder?

A

Depressed

80
Q

Comorbidity of bipolar disorders with other disorders is common, particularly _______ disorders and substance abuse disorders

A

anxiety

81
Q

________ disorder has frequently been found to be the most strongly associated disorder with substance misuse

A

Bipolar

82
Q

High levels of creativity is associated with which disorder?

A

Bipolar

83
Q

The shared vulnerability model was created in an attempt to understand the link between __________ and ____________

A

creativity; psychopathology

84
Q

What is cognitive disinhibition?

A

(more stimuli enter awareness)

85
Q

The _______ - ______ model holds that psychological disorders result from an interaction between an underlying vulnerability and a stressful life event

A

Diathesis - Stress

86
Q

What model suggests that mania is the result of excessive goal engagement?

A

The goal dysregulation model

87
Q

__________ disturbance is thought to be a causal factor of bipolar disorder

A

cognitive

88
Q

T__________ might be related to the development of bipolar disorder

A

Temperament

89
Q

_______ drug treatments target the existing episode of mood disturbance while _________ drug treatments focus on minimising the chances of relapse

A

Acute; Maintenance

90
Q

The task of _______ stabilisers is to effectively treat or prevent bipolar episodes without triggering a mood shirt to the opposite side

A

Mood

91
Q

Is the technique of psychoeducation used with patients with bipolar disorder?

A

yes

92
Q

Is interpersonal and social rhythm therapy used in clients with bipolar disorder?

A

Yes

Psychopathology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions