Disorders of Childhood Flashcards
Excessive levels of activity, distractibility, and difficultly concentrating is common among children with what?
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Three sub categories of ADHD:
1 Predominantly ________ type
2 Predominantly hyperactive-_________ type
3 Combined type
inattentive; impulsive
What is the main difference between ADHD and conduct disorder?
In conduct disorder there is intent towards undertaking the behaviour
What gender is ADHD more prevalent in ?
Boys
Are two dopamine genes found in aetiology of PDD or ADHD?
ADHD
Is there evidence to suggest that sugar is related to ADHD?
No
Parents of children with ______ give more commands and have more negative interactions
ADHD
What is the most used treatment in ADHD?
Stimulant medications
_________ disorder is marked by a pattern of engaging in behaviours that violate social norms, the rights of others, and are often illegal
Conduct
Damaging property, vandalism, aggression and cruelty are all characteristic of _______ disorder
conduct
Is conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder more severe
Conduct disorder
Moffat explains that the two types of conduct disorder are:
1: ____-_______-persistent pattern of antisocial behaviour
2: __________ limited
life-course; adolescent
Treatments for conduct disorder is most effective when the child is under __ years
13
For psychological treatment for depression, as children typically have difficulty recognising and understanding their feelings and motives, many therapists use _____ therapy as part of treatment
Play
__________ anxiety disorder: Worry about parental or personal safety when away from parents
separation
OCD in children is more common in boys or girls?
Boys
__________ disability is not due to intellectual disability, autism, physical disorder, or educational limits
learning
___________ deficit disorder requires _ or more standard deviations in IQ below the average score for a person’s age and cultural group
intellectual
________ deficit disorder shows deficits in adaptive functioning relative to the person’s age and cultural group and needs an onset before age of 18
intellectual
Children with ASD either develop _______ or ______ later or not at all
theory of mind
_______ factors are characteristic or hazards that increase the possibility of occurrence, severity, duration or frequency of later psychological disorders, while _______ factors are variables that increase resilience under conditions of adversity and increase resistance to later disturbance
Risk; Protective
Risk and protective factors can be genetic or __________
environmental
In contemporary diagnostic approaches, the most common forms of psychological disorders in children can be categorised as either _______ (under-controlled, behaviours directed at others), or ___________ (over-controlled)
externalising; internalising
_____ is defined by symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity, and impulsivity
ADHD
__________ refers to difficulty sustaining attention, being easily distracted, and forgetful
Inattention
_________ refers to fidgeting, moving about excessively, and not being able to stay seated
hyperactivity
_________ refers to difficulties waiting in turn, blurting out answers or interrupting
impulsivity
There is a high comorbidity between ADHD and what other disorder?
Oppositional defiant disorder
Symptoms of ADHD in adults may include difficulty completing _______ tasks and ___________
mundane; procrastination
Research has found deficits in __________ functioning in children with ADHD
executive
Stimulants increase the availability of ________ and have been found to reduce the overactivity, impulsivity, and inattention characteristics in individuals with ADHD
dopamine
A _______ ________ disorder is diagnosed when a child’s academic achievement is below what is expected given his/her chronological age and is not accounted for by intellectual disability
specific learning
What is the most common subtype disorder of specific learning disorder?
Reading disorder
__________ disorder is characterised by difficulties in reading accuracy, fluency, and comprehension that are unexpected in relation to the child’s chronological age
Reading
______________ awareness entails understanding the sound structure of one’s oral language
phonological
Phonological limitations may lead to inefficiencies in ________ memory
working
Three possible etiological factors in Reading disorder are:
1 P___________ awareness
2 Deficits in ________ memory
3 language processing _________
Phonological; Working; Speed
What four disorders are subsumed into ASD?
Autistic disorder; Asperges Disorder; Disintegrative disorder; Pervasive developmental disorder NOS
ASD is now made up of: 1 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ disorder 2 Asperges Disorder 3 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ disorder 4 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ developmental disorder NOS
Autistic; Disintegrative; Pervasive
_____ is marked by impairments in social communication and social interaction, as well as repetitive behaviours, interests and activities
ASD
Children with ASD have deficits in theory of ______
mind
Boys outnumber girls _:1 in ASD
2
__________ disability comprises of a heterogeneous group of disorders with multiple causes, all of which involve deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive functioning
intellectual
Intellectual disability have deficits in __________ and _________ functioning and these both have to have an onset in childhood
intellectual; adaptive
_____________ are described as problems of under-control, where behaviours are directed at others
Externalising
Behaviours in ___________ disorders are often seen by others as oppositional, non-compliant, attention seeking, and disruptive
externalising
_____________ _____________ disorder: marked by chronic misbehaviour in children marked by belligerence, irritability, and defiance
Oppositional defiant
______ disorder: Marked by chronic disregard for the rights of others, including specific behaviours such as stealing, lying, and engaging in acts of violence
conduct
What disorder includes vindictiveness, regulating emotion, and negative affect?
Oppositional defiant disorder
What hormone might be involved in the aetiology of oppositional defiant disorder?
Androgen
________ process model proposes that parents and children engage in progressively more coercive interactions with each other through learning processes involved for both parent and child
Coercive
___________ disorder is characterised by persistent pattern of violation of rules and the rights of others
conduct
Poor _______ skills are common in conduct disordered children
social
__________ _______ therapy is designed to improve the attributions family members make about each other’s behaviours, family communication, and supportiveness and to decrease negativity and dysfunctional patterns of behaviour
Functional Family
___________ disorders such as anxiety and depression are often described as over-controlled, where feelings and states are inner directed
internalising
_______ ________ disorder is marked by abnormal feel or worry over becoming separated from one’s caregivers as well as clinging behaviour in the presence of caregivers
separation anxiety
Children with separation anxiety disorder tend to have a genetic disposition to high _______ anyway
anxiety
___________ inhibitor is marked by a tendency to display anxiety and to withdraw in unfamiliar situations
behavioural
Parental ________ could be an important etiological factor in separation anxiety disorder
anxiety
What is the intervention of choice in separation anxiety disorder?
CBT
_________: elimination disorder in children who are at least five years of age who wet the bed twice a week for three months
enuresis
________: elimination disorder in children who are at least four years old who dedicate inappropriately at least once a month for three months
encopresis
