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Psychopathology > Disorders of Childhood > Flashcards

Disorders of Childhood Flashcards

1
Q

Excessive levels of activity, distractibility, and difficultly concentrating is common among children with what?

A

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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2
Q

Three sub categories of ADHD:
1 Predominantly ________ type
2 Predominantly hyperactive-_________ type
3 Combined type

A

inattentive; impulsive

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3
Q

What is the main difference between ADHD and conduct disorder?

A

In conduct disorder there is intent towards undertaking the behaviour

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4
Q

What gender is ADHD more prevalent in ?

A

Boys

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5
Q

Are two dopamine genes found in aetiology of PDD or ADHD?

A

ADHD

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6
Q

Is there evidence to suggest that sugar is related to ADHD?

A

No

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7
Q

Parents of children with ______ give more commands and have more negative interactions

A

ADHD

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8
Q

What is the most used treatment in ADHD?

A

Stimulant medications

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9
Q

_________ disorder is marked by a pattern of engaging in behaviours that violate social norms, the rights of others, and are often illegal

A

Conduct

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10
Q

Damaging property, vandalism, aggression and cruelty are all characteristic of _______ disorder

A

conduct

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11
Q

Is conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder more severe

A

Conduct disorder

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12
Q

Moffat explains that the two types of conduct disorder are:

1: ____-_______-persistent pattern of antisocial behaviour
2: __________ limited

A

life-course; adolescent

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13
Q

Treatments for conduct disorder is most effective when the child is under __ years

A

13

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14
Q

For psychological treatment for depression, as children typically have difficulty recognising and understanding their feelings and motives, many therapists use _____ therapy as part of treatment

A

Play

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15
Q

__________ anxiety disorder: Worry about parental or personal safety when away from parents

A

separation

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16
Q

OCD in children is more common in boys or girls?

A

Boys

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17
Q

__________ disability is not due to intellectual disability, autism, physical disorder, or educational limits

A

learning

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18
Q

___________ deficit disorder requires _ or more standard deviations in IQ below the average score for a person’s age and cultural group

A

intellectual

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19
Q

________ deficit disorder shows deficits in adaptive functioning relative to the person’s age and cultural group and needs an onset before age of 18

A

intellectual

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20
Q

Children with ASD either develop _______ or ______ later or not at all

A

theory of mind

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21
Q

_______ factors are characteristic or hazards that increase the possibility of occurrence, severity, duration or frequency of later psychological disorders, while _______ factors are variables that increase resilience under conditions of adversity and increase resistance to later disturbance

A

Risk; Protective

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22
Q

Risk and protective factors can be genetic or __________

A

environmental

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23
Q

In contemporary diagnostic approaches, the most common forms of psychological disorders in children can be categorised as either _______ (under-controlled, behaviours directed at others), or ___________ (over-controlled)

A

externalising; internalising

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24
Q

_____ is defined by symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity, and impulsivity

A

ADHD

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25
Q

__________ refers to difficulty sustaining attention, being easily distracted, and forgetful

A

Inattention

26
Q

_________ refers to fidgeting, moving about excessively, and not being able to stay seated

A

hyperactivity

27
Q

_________ refers to difficulties waiting in turn, blurting out answers or interrupting

A

impulsivity

28
Q

There is a high comorbidity between ADHD and what other disorder?

A

Oppositional defiant disorder

29
Q

Symptoms of ADHD in adults may include difficulty completing _______ tasks and ___________

A

mundane; procrastination

30
Q

Research has found deficits in __________ functioning in children with ADHD

A

executive

31
Q

Stimulants increase the availability of ________ and have been found to reduce the overactivity, impulsivity, and inattention characteristics in individuals with ADHD

A

dopamine

32
Q

A _______ ________ disorder is diagnosed when a child’s academic achievement is below what is expected given his/her chronological age and is not accounted for by intellectual disability

A

specific learning

33
Q

What is the most common subtype disorder of specific learning disorder?

A

Reading disorder

34
Q

__________ disorder is characterised by difficulties in reading accuracy, fluency, and comprehension that are unexpected in relation to the child’s chronological age

A

Reading

35
Q

______________ awareness entails understanding the sound structure of one’s oral language

A

phonological

36
Q

Phonological limitations may lead to inefficiencies in ________ memory

A

working

37
Q

Three possible etiological factors in Reading disorder are:
1 P___________ awareness
2 Deficits in ________ memory
3 language processing _________

A

Phonological; Working; Speed

38
Q

What four disorders are subsumed into ASD?

A

Autistic disorder; Asperges Disorder; Disintegrative disorder; Pervasive developmental disorder NOS

39
Q 
ASD is now made up of: 
1 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ disorder
2 Asperges Disorder
3 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ disorder
4 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ developmental disorder NOS
A

Autistic; Disintegrative; Pervasive

40
Q

_____ is marked by impairments in social communication and social interaction, as well as repetitive behaviours, interests and activities

A

ASD

41
Q

Children with ASD have deficits in theory of ______

A

mind

42
Q

Boys outnumber girls _:1 in ASD

A

2

43
Q

__________ disability comprises of a heterogeneous group of disorders with multiple causes, all of which involve deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive functioning

A

intellectual

44
Q

Intellectual disability have deficits in __________ and _________ functioning and these both have to have an onset in childhood

A

intellectual; adaptive

45
Q

_____________ are described as problems of under-control, where behaviours are directed at others

A

Externalising

46
Q

Behaviours in ___________ disorders are often seen by others as oppositional, non-compliant, attention seeking, and disruptive

A

externalising

47
Q

_____________ _____________ disorder: marked by chronic misbehaviour in children marked by belligerence, irritability, and defiance

A

Oppositional defiant

48
Q

______ disorder: Marked by chronic disregard for the rights of others, including specific behaviours such as stealing, lying, and engaging in acts of violence

A

conduct

49
Q

What disorder includes vindictiveness, regulating emotion, and negative affect?

A

Oppositional defiant disorder

50
Q

What hormone might be involved in the aetiology of oppositional defiant disorder?

A

Androgen

51
Q

________ process model proposes that parents and children engage in progressively more coercive interactions with each other through learning processes involved for both parent and child

A

Coercive

52
Q

___________ disorder is characterised by persistent pattern of violation of rules and the rights of others

A

conduct

53
Q

Poor _______ skills are common in conduct disordered children

A

social

54
Q

__________ _______ therapy is designed to improve the attributions family members make about each other’s behaviours, family communication, and supportiveness and to decrease negativity and dysfunctional patterns of behaviour

A

Functional Family

55
Q

___________ disorders such as anxiety and depression are often described as over-controlled, where feelings and states are inner directed

A

internalising

56
Q

_______ ________ disorder is marked by abnormal feel or worry over becoming separated from one’s caregivers as well as clinging behaviour in the presence of caregivers

A

separation anxiety

57
Q

Children with separation anxiety disorder tend to have a genetic disposition to high _______ anyway

A

anxiety

58
Q

___________ inhibitor is marked by a tendency to display anxiety and to withdraw in unfamiliar situations

A

behavioural

59
Q

Parental ________ could be an important etiological factor in separation anxiety disorder

A

anxiety

60
Q

What is the intervention of choice in separation anxiety disorder?

A

CBT

61
Q

_________: elimination disorder in children who are at least five years of age who wet the bed twice a week for three months

A

enuresis

62
Q

________: elimination disorder in children who are at least four years old who dedicate inappropriately at least once a month for three months

A

encopresis

Psychopathology (11 decks)

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