Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology for Advanced Practice Nurses > Week 5 Eyes and Ears > Flashcards

Week 5 Eyes and Ears Flashcards

1
Q

Opthalmic Anti-infectives Pharmacodynamics

A

Bacteriostatic or bactericidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ophthalmic Anti-infectives Phamacokinetics

A

•Generally penetrate only the
ocular fluid and tissues
•Minimal systemic absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ophthalmic Anti-infectives Precautions and Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ophthalmic Anti-infectives ADR

A

Local infections

Superinfection with prolonged use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ophthalmic Anti-infectives ADR - Bacitracin

A

may caused blurred vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ophthalmic Anti-infectives ADR - Sulfacetamide opthamic preperations

A

may cause a hypersensitivity reaction in
patients who have previously exhibited
sensitivity to sulfonamides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ophthalmic Anti-infectives ADR - Aminoglycosides

A

may cause localizeed ocular toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ophthalmic Anti-infectives ADR - Fluoroquinolones

A

may cause a white christalline precipitate to form in the superficial portion of the cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sulfacetamide ophtamic preparations are incompatiable with

A

silver preperations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ophthalmic Anti-infectives: Patient

Education

A

Administration
Instruct on preventing contamination
Instruct on how to instill drops or ointment
• ADRs

Lifestyle management
Handwashing
No sharing of towels
Avoiding use of eye makeup.
Clearing purulent discharge with wet cotton ball or washcloth.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Glaucoma

A 
Gradual loss of peripheral vision
• Increased intraocular pressure
• Leading cause of preventable
blindness
• Treated by ophthalmologist
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Antiglaucoma Agents

A 
Pharmacology
• Beta blockers, adrenergic agonists
• Miotics
• Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
• Sympathomimetics
• Prostaglandin agonist: latanoprost
(xalatan)
• Rho kinase inhibitor (metarsudil)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mast cell stabilizers - use

A

conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

mast cell stabilizes decrease

A

Limit hypersensitivity reactions
by inhibiting the degranulation of
sensitized mast cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

mast cell stabilizer examples

A

•iodoxamide (Alomide), cromolyn
sodium (Crolom)
•Vernal conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ocular anihistamines decrease what and are used to treat what

A

puritis

conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ocular antihistamines work by blocking

A

H1 receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ocular mast cell stabilizer and antihistamine side effects

A

Transient burning and stinging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ocular antihistamine examples

A 
•levocabastine (Livostin),
antazoline (Vasocon-A,
Antazoline-V), ketotifen (Zaditor),
pheniramine (Naphcon-A),
emedastine (Emadine)
•Allergic conjunctivitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ophthalmic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) work by inhibiting

A

prostaglandin biosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ophthalmic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) pharmacodynamics

A
  • Analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities

* Exert an anti-inflammatory effect

22
Q

Ophthalmic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) examples

A

Flurbiprofen (Ocufen), suprofen (Profenal), diclofenac (Voltaren
ophthalmic solution), nepafenac (Nevanac), ketorolac (Acular)

23
Q

Corticosteroid ophthalmic agents have a

A

antiinfmalatory effect. Mechanism unknown.

24
Q

Corticosteroid ophthalmic agents can

A

increase intraocular pressure

25
Q

Ophthalmic Anti-inflammatory Drugs

A

Ophthalmic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and Corticosteroid ophthalmic agents

26
Q

Ophthalmic Anti-inflammatory Drugs precautions and contraindications

A

Referral to an ophthalmologist is warranted for patients who appear to
need corticosteroid therapy.

27
Q

Ophthalmic Anti-inflammatory Drugs adr

A

Eye discomfort or tearing may occur

Ocular H1 histamine blockers may cause headache.

28
Q

Ocular Lubricants

A

tear like lubricants - artificial tears

29
Q

ocular lubricants pharmacodynamics

A

Maintain ocular tonicity, buffers, and preservatives

30
Q

Ocular lubricants clinical use and dosing

A

Dry eye
• Irritation
• Instilled 3 or 4 times/day

31
Q

Ophthalmic Vasoconstrictors used for

A

Relief of redness caused by minor eye irratants

32
Q

Ophthalmic Vasoconstrictors pharmacodynamics

A

sympathomimetic agents

33
Q

Ophthalmic Vasoconstrictors precautions and contraindications

A

hypersensitivity, narrow angle glaucoma

34
Q

Ophthalmic Vasoconstrictors ADR

A

Transient stinging and burning, temporary blurred vision, increased
intraocular pressure (IOP), rebound congestion or redness
developing with frequent or extended use

35
Q

Ophthalmic Vasoconstrictors Drug interactions

A

Oxymetazoline or tetrahydrozoline: no interactions
• Naphazoline: tricyclic antidepressants, maprotiline
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
• Beta blockers

36
Q

Ophthalmic Vasoconstrictors clinical use

A

Relief of eye redness caused by irritation or allergic conjunctivitis
• Tetrahydrozoline, oxymetazoline, naphazoline, and phenylephrine
• Patient education: avoid prolonged or excessive use

37
Q

External otitis

A

Inflammation of the outer ear

38
Q

Otitis Media and treatment

A

Inflammation of the inner ear

• Systemic antibiotics – such as amoxicillin

39
Q

Mastoiditis and treatment

A

Inflammation of the mastoid sinus

• Aggressive antibiotic therapy

40
Q

Cerumen impaction treatment

A

Earwax softeners

41
Q

Otic Anti-infectives

Uses

A

Acute otitis externa (swimmer’s ear), chronic otitis externa,
malignant OE, prevention of swimmer’s ear

42
Q

Otic Anti-infectives Pharmacodynamics

A

Combination products with corticosteroid and antibiotic
Hydrocortisone reduces the inflammation caused by OE.
Acid or alcohol drops

43
Q

Otitis externa

A

painful irritation of the external auditory canal

44
Q

Otic Anti-infectives Precautions and contraindications

A

Perforated tympanic membrane (TM)

May cause superinfection

45
Q

Acid or alcohol drops

A

decrease inflamation adn are also antifungal and antibacterial

46
Q

Malignant Otitis externa

A

rare, but leathal infection that invades surrounding tissues and can cause osteomyltis at the base of the skull and menigintis. Treated with antibiotics and surgical debredment.

47
Q

Prevent swimmers ear

A

alchohol

48
Q

Topical anesthetics Topical

A

used in the ear to treat pain

associated with otitis media.

49
Q

Otic Analgesics - Local Anesthetics

A

antipyrine and benzocaine
(Aurpdex)
-provide pain relief

50
Q

Cerumenolytics -

A

Carbamide peroxide (Debrox,
Dent’s Ear Wax, Murine Ear Wax
Removal)

-softens and emulsifies the wax

51
Q

Otic Analgesics

A

make sure tympanic membrane is intact

Pharmacology for Advanced Practice Nurses (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions