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Pharmacology for Advanced Practice Nurses > GI deck 2 > Flashcards

GI deck 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate effects

A

antisecretory and antimicrobial effects

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2
Q

Atropine causes

A

causes decreased bowel secretions and slows peristalsis

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3
Q

Loperamide binds to

A

opioid receptors and slows gastric motility

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4
Q

5-HT3 receptor antagonist example

A

Lotronex

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5
Q

Diphenoxylate is an

A

opioid

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6
Q

Lotronex is used in

A

long term. IBS

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7
Q

Treatment for diarrhea

A

1 to 7 days fluids and culture

after 7 days treatment with medication IF the culture comes back negative

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8
Q

Kaolin and pectin are not

A

absorbed and are eliminated in feces.

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9
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate dissociates into

A

salicylate that is absorbed (similar to aspirin), metabolized in the liver, and excreted in urine with the bismuth that is not absorbed.

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10
Q

The opioid agents are all absorbed and distributed

A

systemically, metabolized in the liver, and eliminated in urine and/or feces.

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11
Q

Opioids decrease intestinal motility and may cause

A

toxic megacolon.

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12
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate is contraindicated

A

in children with viral or flu-like illness.

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13
Q

Antidiarrheals use cautiously in

A

older adults

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14
Q

Antidiarrheals are contraindicated in the treatment

A

of diarrhea in most children.

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15
Q

Monitor patients taking eluxadoline for

A

pancreatitits

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16
Q

Alosteron has a boxed warning and is contraindicated in

A

patients with constipation

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17
Q

Bismuth: causes

A

black tongue and gray-black stools

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18
Q

Diphenoxylate and difenoxin with atropine

A

have ADR anticholinergic effects

19
Q

Opioid ADR

A

have central nervous system (CNS) effects

Dizziness, drowsiness, sedation, headache

20
Q

Acute diarrhea clinical use

A

Treat source of diarrhea

Absorbents (kaolin-pectin or bismuth subsalicylate) used after each loose stool

Maintain hydration
Electrolyte solution in infants and young children
Flat soda or water in adults

Opioids dosed 3 or 4 times/day or after each stool

21
Q

bismuth is in

A

peptobsimol

22
Q

Antidiarrheals bowel disease clinical use

A

Loperamide QID: may be used as adjunct therapy

23
Q

antdiarrheal chronic infantil diarrhea treatment

A

Bismuth subsalicylate

24
Q

traveler’s diarrhea treatment

A

Bismuth subsalicylate with each meal and at bedtime to prevent traveler’s diarrhea

25
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome

treatment

A

Eluxadoline or loperamide

Alosetron in women with severe irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) not responsive to other treatments

26
Q

Patients taking HIV antiretroviral drugs dirrhea treatment

A

Crofelemer

27
Q

Any antidiarrheal can be used for

A

acute diarrhea in adults

28
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate and loperamide are used for

A

traveler’s diarrhea.

29
Q

Cost of antidiarrheal

A

OTC drugs are inexpensive.

Eluxadoline and alosetron are very expensive.

30
Q

Antidiarrheal patient education

A 
Rebound constipation
Bismuth turning tongue and stool black
Products with atropine may cause dry mouth and anticholinergic effects
Opioids may cause CNS effects
Fluxadoline may cause pancreatitis
31
Q

NSAIDs: cause

A

gastric mucosal damage and ulcer formation

32
Q

Cucralfate (Carafate): selectively binds

A

to ulcer tissue, acting as a barrier

33
Q

Mosprostol (Cytotec): inhibits

A

gastric secretion, has mucosal protective qualities

34
Q

cytroprotecitve agent is a

A

cell protective agent

35
Q

Precautions and contraindications

Cytoprotective agents

A

Misoprostol pregnancy category X (abortifacient)

36
Q

Cytoprotecitve agent ADR

A

Sucralfate: constipation
Misoprostol: diarrhea, menstrual problems

37
Q

Cytoprotective Agents Drug interactions

A

Sucralfate: decreases absorption of other drugs
Misoprostol: diarrhea with magnesium-containing antacids

38
Q

Cytoprotective Agents Ulcers associated with NSAID use

A

First choice is to stop NSAIDs.
Use misoprostol if patient requires NSAID therapy.
Dose four times per day.
Women of childbearing age need pregnancy test.

39
Q

Misoprostal is

A

pregnancy category X and will cause abortion

40
Q

Cytoprotective Agents Duodenal ulcers from other causes

A

Sucralfate for up to 8 weeks to heal ulcer

Given four times per day, 1 hour before meals

41
Q

Misoprostol taken

A

with food

42
Q

sucralfate taken on

A

empty stomach

43
Q

Sucralfate ADR

A

constipation prevention

44
Q

ADR

A

diarrhea; contact provider if lasts more than 1 week

Misoprostol: pregnancy category X

Pharmacology for Advanced Practice Nurses (50 decks)

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