GI Flashcards
Antacides MOA
neutralize acids in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
metallic cation + basic ion base
common metallic cation in antacides
Aluminum
Calcium
Magnesium
basic anion in antacids
Hydroxide
Bicarbonate
Carbonate
Different combinations of antacids have
differing acid neutralizing capacities
which combination of antacids has the highest acid-neutralizing capacity
Sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate have the highest acid-neutralizing capacity.
aluminium and magnessioum based antacides are not absorbed with _____ what increases absroption. How are they exceteted
Aluminum- and magnesium-based antacids are not absorbed with normal use.
Chronic use increases absorption
renally excreted
Calcium-containing antacids require vitamin
D for absorption.
Excreted in feces
chronic use of antacidds can cause this ADR
abdominal pain
Calcium-based antacids contraindicated if
patient is hypercalcemic or has renal calculi
Magnesium-based antacids contraindicated in patients with
renal failure or renal insufficiency
Aluminum-based antacids should not be used in patients with
renal failure on dialysis
Sodium content of antacides may affect patients with
hypertension, congestive heart failure, or renal failure
Antacides ADR magnesium
Magnesium-based antacids may cause diarrhea.
antacides ADR aluminum and calcium
Aluminum- and calcium-based antacids may cause constipation.
Drug intreactions of antacids
many; may affect teh absorption of most drugs
antacid administration with other drugs
to be separated at least twohours.
antacides are used for
symptomatic relief of heartburn
Antacids may take dosage of
four times per day or more.
discuss what with antacid patients
maxium dose. Do not overdose
antacids for peptic ulcer disease are used
after meals and at bedtime
Antacids GERD
Antacids are over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and often used first before patient seeks care
Antacids GERD may be given every
Antacids are over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and often used first before patient seeks care
first line therapy for GERD
H2RAs receptor antagonists or PPIs are first-line therapy
Antacids other clinical use
Calcium deficiency and osteoporsis prevention
Antacids chronic renal failure dose
1,000 mg calcium carbonate daily
Osteoprosis prevention dose of antacids for men and postmenopausal women
Men and premenopausal women: 1,000 mg daily
Postmenopausal women: 1,500 mg daily
doses of antacids higher then _____ are not recomended
2000
Antacids, what type of producs have the highest acid-neutralizing capacity
combination products
Monitoring for antacids
Magnesium level in older patients who use magnesium-containing products chronically
Antacids administration
Antacids are usually taken 1 to 3 hours after meals and at bedtime.
Chewable tablets must be chewed.
Anacids warnings
Separate by 2 hours.
Do not use antacids without consulting with provider.
Calcium-based antacid absorption is decreased by
oxalic acid and phytic acid and increased by acidic fruit juice
Antacids contact provider if using for longer than
2 weeks
Aluminum- and calcium-based antacids cause constipation.
May need
stool softner
Magnesium based antacids may cause
diarrhea
Antacids lifestyle changes
Stop smoking, elevate head while sleeping, and avoid spicy foods, alcohol, or foods that affect lower esophageal sphincter tone (fatty foods, chocolate, caffeine).
Causes of diarrhea in primary care
Infections
Food or drug induced
Inflammatory bowel disease
first thing to do when you have a patient with diarrhea
determine the cause
Children can become ______ quickly as a result of diarrhea
dehydrated
____ is not required in most cases of diarrhea
medication
Time to wait to give medication for diarrhea until you give medication
7 days unless there are sigficant underlying causes
Antidirrheals classes
Absorbent preperations Opiates Anticholinerigis Chloride secretion blocker mu and Kappa receptor agonists kaolin pectin
absorbent prep examples
Kaolin and pectin
Bismuth subsalicylate
opiate examples
Diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil)
Diphenoxin with atropine (Motofen)
Loperamide (Imodium)
Chloride secretion blocker name
crofelemer (mytesti)
Mu and kappa receptor agonist name
fluxadolin (Veberzi)
Kaolin description
clay-like powder that attracts and holds onto bacteria
pectin does what
thickens stool
