Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology for Advanced Practice Nurses > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

1
Q

who developed the first antibiotic

A

alexander fleming, penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many years supplement as discovery that antibiotics develop resistance

A

10 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Personnel and penicillin non-susceptible pneumococcus was identified in

A

The 1960s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

MDR

A

Multidrug resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

World War III organization reported an estimated ____ cases of MDR in 2014

A

480,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Factors that contribute to MDR

A

Increasing populations of immunocompromised patients, increases in the number and complexity of invasive medical procedures, and increased survival of patients chronic diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Just spread of resistant organisms in the community has been associated with

A

Take care for young children, overcrowding, travel, and the use of antibiotics in agriculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The leading risk factor for having a drug-resistant pathogen include the use of

A

Antibiotics, age younger than two years or older than 65 years, day care center attendance, exposure to young children, multiple medical comorbidities, recent hospitalizations, immunosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CDC core elements of antibiotic stewardship

A

Commitment
action for policy and practice
tracking and reporting
education and expertise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

sensitivty

A

that drug will be sensitive to that drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Commitment

A

Demonstrate dedication to and accountability for optimizing antibiotic prescribing and patient safety.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Action for policy and practice

A

Implement at least one policy or practice to improve antibiotic prescribing, assess whether it is working, and modify as needed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tracking and reporting

A

Monitor antibiotic prescribing practices, and offer regular feedback to clinicians, or have clinicians assess their own antibiotic prescribing practices themselves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Education and expertise

A

Provide educational resources to clinicians and patients on antibiotic prescribing, and ensure access to needed expertise on optimizing antibiotic prescribing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does a beta lactum group do

A

inhibits the biosynthesis of the petidoglycan bacterial cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sensitivity

Natural PCNs

A

Streptococcus, some Enterococcus strains, some non–penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sensitivity Aminopenicillins

A

greater activity against gram-negative bacteria because of enhanced ability to penetrate the outer-membrane organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Penicillin is a

A

bata-lactam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

amino penicillin used for

A

Used for gram-negative urinary and gastrointestinal (GI) pathogens – Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, some Shigella species, and Enterococcus faecalis; active against the common gram-negative respiratory pathogens Moraxella catarrhalis (and Haemophilus influenzae type B)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Combination with beta-lactamase inhibitors do what and give an example

A

they broaden their spectrum: clavnate, sulbactam, tazobactam combined with amoxicillin are used under the trade name augmenten (clavnuate and amoxycillin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

PCN are well absorbed in the

A

GI tract

22
Q

Example of a PCN that is not well absorbed in the GI tract and would not be given orally

A

ampicillin

23
Q

Probenecid prolongs

A

half-life and increases the risk of toxicity

24
Q

PCN ADR

A

Allergic reactions, rash, GI, Fungal Overgrowth, C-diff

25
Q

how quickly can immediate allergic reaction occur from PCN

A

2 to 30 minutes

26
Q

Common reaction to PCN

A

rash that happens 7 to 10 days after start

27
Q

The longer a patient is on an antibiotic the greater the chance of

A

c-diff/colitis

28
Q

Beat lactums PCN are ___ for pregnancy

A

safe, they are a category b

29
Q

first line therapy for acute otitis media and sinusitis

A

Amoxicillin

30
Q

first line therapy for infection following bites, including human

A

amoxicillin/calvulanate

31
Q

Pt education

A

Resistance, ADRs, completing course

32
Q

Beta-Lactum: Cephalosporins

A

simlar to PCN, inhibit mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall.

33
Q

Cehplaosporins have how many generations

A

four

34
Q

chephalosporins first generations used for

A

Used for skin and soft tissue infections

Primarily active against gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus and S. epidermidis

35
Q

cephlosporin second gen used for

A

Active against same as first generation, plus Klebsiella, Proteus, E. coli

36
Q

cephlosporin third gen used for

A

Used for broader indications

More active against gram-negative bacteria

37
Q

cephlosporin fourth gen used for

A

Primarily active against gram-positive bacteria

38
Q

cephlosporin fifth gen used for

A

Similar to third generation, except active against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)

39
Q

Ceph fourth gen is used when there is resistance to

A

other beta lactamase groups

40
Q

Ceph fifth gen

A

Cetaroline

41
Q

if someone is penicillin allergic can you prescribe a cephlosporin

A

most of the time yes. The time you wouldn’t is if there is a type 1 anaphalacitc reaction

42
Q

Cephalosporin, how is it absobed, what is is bound to and where is it excreted

A

gi tract, proteins, kidneys

43
Q

Cephalosporin ADR

A

allergies, skin rashes, arthralgia, coagulation abnormalities, anemia, neutropenia, leukopenia, thrombocytosis, fever, seizures, renal/hepatic failure

44
Q

Cephalosporins is commonly used in theraputic faliure of

A

Acute Otitis Media

45
Q

Firrst gen use of Cephalosporins

A

strp, skin infiections

46
Q

Cephalexin, cefpodoxime, cefixime: can be prescribed as second-line drugs for

A

for urinary tract infection (UTI)

47
Q

Ceftriaxone and cefixime: used for

A

used for general condition in Gonococcus (GC)/Chlamydia infection

48
Q

Cefpodoxime, cefuroxime, or parenteral cetriaxoone by oral cefpodoxime used for

A

used for community-acquired pneumonia.

49
Q

Cephalosporin monitor for

A

diarrhea

renal function, if prolonged therapy

50
Q

cephalosporn patient education

A

use as prescribed

Pharmacology for Advanced Practice Nurses (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions