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pharmacology for advanced practice nurses > Module 4 Pearls > Flashcards

Module 4 Pearls Flashcards

1
Q

Two branches of ANS

A

parasympethitic (rest and digest)

sympethetic (fight, flight, freeze)

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2
Q

Acetylcholine works on the

A

parasympethetic

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3
Q

Adrenergic drugs

A

work on epi, norepi, dopamine

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4
Q

Adrenergic agonists and adrenergic antagonists work on the

A

sympathetic nervous system

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5
Q

Adrenergic Effects

A 
Dry mouth
– Dilated pupils
– Increased contractility
– Increased heart rate
– Bronchodilation
– Bladder fundus relaxation,
sphincter contraction
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6
Q

Cholinergic effects

A 
– Constricted pupils
– Increased saliva
– Bronchoconstriction
– Increased gastrointestinal
mucus
– Bladder fundus contraction
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7
Q

Cholinergic drugs are

A

parasympathomimetic (mimic parasympathetic nervous system)

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8
Q

Cholinergic-blocking drugs are

A

Parasympatholytic, anticholinergic, or antimuscarinic

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9
Q

Adrenergic Drugs are

A

Sympathmimetic

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10
Q

Adrenergic-blocking drugs are

A

sympatholytic

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11
Q

Alpha-adrenergic physiological

activities

A 
Vasoconstriction of arterioles,
resulting in higher blood
pressure
– Pupil dilation
– Relaxation of the gut
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12
Q

Beta-adrenergic physiological

activities

A 
– Cardiac acceleration and
increased contractility
– Vasodilation of arterioles
supplying skeletal muscles
– Bronchial relaxation
– Uterine relaxation
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13
Q

Alpha1 receptors

A

Alpha1 receptors: nasal congestion, hypotension, dilation of pupils for eye
examination

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14
Q

Alpha2 receptors

A

Alpha2 receptors: hypertension (HTN)

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15
Q

Beta1 receptors

A

Beta1 receptors: cardiac arrest, heart failure, shock

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16
Q

Beta2

A

Beta2 receptors: asthma, premature labor contractions

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17
Q

Beta2

A

Beta2 receptors: asthma, premature labor contractions

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18
Q

Alpha 2 agonist example

A

clonidine, guanfacine

19
Q

Alpha 2 agonists do what

A

slow heart rate and cause vasodialation by working centrally in the brain

20
Q

Clonidine does what

A 
– Lowers blood pressure and heart rate
– Used for treatment of withdrawal
symptoms
– Used for attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder
– Agitation and increased physiological
arousal
21
Q

Beta 2 Agonists give an example

A

albuterol

22
Q

Beta 2 main use

A

bhroncodialation

23
Q

Alpha 2 receptors are assicated with

A

relaxation and inhibition of norepi release

24
Q

When discontinuing clonidine what should you do

A

taper the dose due to the downregulation that occurs and potential for rebound hypertension

25
Q

Alpha1 blocker action (alpha adrenergic antagonists)

A

Action: block alpha receptors

leading to vasodilation

26
Q

Alpha 1 example

A

prazosin (minipress), flomax

27
Q

Beta antagonists (Beta1) found in

A

eyes, heart, respiratory system

28
Q

Beta1 should be used in caution with folks who have

A

restrictive airway disease like Asthma

29
Q

Beta blockers do what

A

block catecholamines

30
Q

beta blockers can be

A

selective to beta one or non selective to beta1

31
Q

Beta blocker example

A

propanol, atenolol

32
Q

beta bloker use

A

htn, MI, angina, migraine porfolxes, arythhmia

33
Q 
Cholineric Agonists (parasympathomimetics, muscarinic
agonists) Categories
A

muscarinic agonists, cholinersterase

inhibitors, ganglionic stimulants

34
Q

Cholinergic agonists are not

A

specific when targeting organs and because of this there can be a lot of ADR

35
Q

What does it mean when we say that cholinergic agonists are either direct or indirect

A

direct produces Ach and indirect inhibits the breakdown of Ach

36
Q

Indirect acting drugs work by

A

inhibiting breakdown throuh cholinesterase inhibitors

37
Q

Uses of Cholinergic Drugs

A
  • Decrease intraocular pressure in glaucoma
  • Improve bladder and GI tone
  • Diagnose and treat myasthenia gravis
  • Treat anticholinergic toxicity
38
Q

Muscarinic receptors are found in

A

GI tract: Increase GI motility
– Bladder: Increase urinary output
– Sweat Glands: Increase exocrine gland secretions:
• Lacrimal—increase lubrication to the eyes
• Sweat
• Intestinal
• Salivary
– Eyes: Pupil constriction (miosis) and ciliary muscle constriction
– Lungs: Bronchoconstriction and narrowing of the airways
– Heart: Decrease pulse
– Blood Vessels: vasodilation leading to decrease blood pressure

39
Q

Direct-acting muscarinic
agonists work in one of two
ways:

A 
1. Entering the synaptic cleft and
binding directly to ACh receptors
to produce a greater effect
2. Increasing the amount of ACh
that is released from the neuron
terminals, so that more ACh
reaches the receptor sites
40
Q

Indirect-Acting Muscarinic Agonists

Work by blocking

A 
Work by blocking
acetylcholinesterase (AChE).
– Prevent AChE from
destroying ACh
• Often called AChE inhibitors.
41
Q

Cholinergic agonist example

A

nicotine

42
Q

Muscarinic agonist example

A

ACh (Miochol) Carbachol (Isopto Carbachol), pilocarpine (Ispto Carpine), behanechol (Urecholine)

43
Q

Cholinestrase inhibitor example (Refersable)

A

Aricept, galantamine, pyridostigmine, phystigmine (Antilirium)

44
Q

Irreversable agents are

A

highly toxic and used as chemical weapons

pharmacology for advanced practice nurses (50 decks)

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