Integumentary System Deck 2

Question 1

Ointments

Answer 1

Water suspended in oil
• Excellent lubrication
• Generally most potent vehicles
• Greasy, not useful in hairy areas

Question 2

Ointments do what

Answer 2

facilitate heat retention, prevent water loss, semi occlusive.

Question 3

Ointments apply

Answer 3

two to three times per day to dry,
lichenified lesions, particularly after
moisturizing the skin

Question 4

cream are

Answer 4

Cosmetically appealing
• Semi-solid
– emulsions of oil in 20 to 50% water
• Same medication, different potency
– Ointments > cream formulations > lotions

Question 5

Lotions

Answer 5

Least potent
• Useful in hairy areas and large areas
• Powder-in-water
– shake container
• Evaporate
• Cooling and drying effects
• Useful for treating
– moist dermatoses
– pruritis

Question 6

Solutions

Answer 6

Contain water or non-aqueous
• Bath soaks and open wet dressings
– provide coolness
– aid in drying exudative lesions
• Vasoconstriction
– results in decreased local blood flow
– reduction in local edema

Question 7

Solutions used in Wet Dressings

Answer 7

Permit the cleansing of exudate

– maintain drainage in infected lesions

Question 8

Wet dressings should be changed every

Answer 8

6 hours for 2 to 3 days – Prior to determining effectiveness

Question 9

Closed wet dressings polyurethane plastic

Answer 9

Closed wet dressings polyurethane plastic
– allows heat to be retained
– prevents evaporation
– causes maceration

Question 10

Gels are

Answer 10

• Oil-in-water emulsion
– alcohol base
– thin, greaseless, non-staining film

Question 11

Gels benefit and charticteristics

Answer 11

Transparent, colorless, semi-solid emulsions
that liquefy on contact with the skin
• Therapeutic advantage of ointments
• Cosmetic advantages of cream

Question 12

Gels are great in

Answer 12

hairy areas and acne

Question 13

Foams are

Answer 13

Gaseous bubbles in a matrix of liquid film

Question 14

Foams benefits

Answer 14

Spread readily
• Easier to apply
– inflamed skin
– scalp dermatoses
• More cosmetically acceptable
– lead to high compliance

Question 15

Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors used for

Answer 15

atopic dermatitis

Question 16

Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors MOA

Answer 16

Inhibit calcineurin
– Inhibit T cells, Langerhans’ cells, mast cells,
and keratinocytes

Question 17

Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors are not to be used in

Answer 17

Not to be used in immunocompromised

patients or children under 2.

Question 18

Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors have a

Answer 18

Black Box warning about long-term safety

because of rare cases of malignancy

Question 19

Topical Antipsoriasis Agents are used for

Answer 19

the treatment of psoriasis

Question 20

Topical Antipsoriasis Agents examples

Answer 20

calcipotriene
Coal tar
Tazotene

Question 21

calcipotriene

Answer 21

– A vitamin D derivative

– Suppresses lymphocyte activity

Question 22

Coal tar

Answer 22

Enzyme inhibition

Question 23

Tazarotene

Answer 23

Topical retinoid prodrug

Question 24

Topical Antipsoriasis Agents ADR

Answer 24

– All cause burning, stinging, erythema, dermatitis
– Calcipotriene should not be prescribed in patients with hypercalcemia;
hypercalcemia occurs if greater than 100 g/week used

Question 25

Coal tar ADR

Answer 25

may stain hair, fabrics

Question 26

Tazarotene ADR

Answer 26

worsening of psoriasis may occur

Question 27

Seborrhea

Answer 27

inflamatory dermitis that results in a yellow greasy scales in the sebaceous glands, external ear, upper trunk area, scalp and face

Question 28

Topical Antiseborrheic Medications examples

Answer 28

Selenium sulfide
Pyrithione zinc 
Ketoconazole 
Sulfacetamide sodium 
Seborrhea and dandruff

Question 29

Selenium sulfide MOA

Answer 29

Cytostatic effect on cells of epidermis

Question 30

Pyrithione zinc MOA

Answer 30

Cytostatic effect reduces cell turnover rate

Question 31

Ketoconazole is a

Answer 31

Antifungal

Question 32

Sulfacetamide sodium

Answer 32

Antibacterial active against common skin organisms

Question 33

Seborrhea and dandruff shampoo uses

Answer 33

Apply shampoo to scalp 1 to 2 times per week, rinse well

– Follow label directions

Question 34

Topical Immunomodulators used to treat

Answer 34

anogenital warts, actinic

keratosis, and some skin cancers

Question 35

sinecatechin (vergren) used for

Answer 35

external

genital and perianal warts

Question 36

Imiquimod (aldara, Zyclara, Vyloma) used for

Answer 36

actinic Keratosis, genital and perianal
warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma,
and off-label for cutaneous flat warts

Question 37

Topical immunomodulators ADR

Answer 37

Local inflamation, photsensitivity, some may result in systemic reactions includign flu like reactions, fever

Question 38

Keratolytics used for

Answer 38

corns, calluses, lesions, scalling

Question 39

most common keratolytic

Answer 39

salicylic acid

Question 40

Salicylic acid

Answer 40

– OTC wart and corn treatment
– OTC products 5% to 17%; patches 40%
– Use per product label

Question 41

Keratolytic - Lactic acid (12% lotion)

Answer 41

– Xerosis, dry skin, ichthyosis, keratosis pilaris:

apply to affected area twice a day

Question 42

Topical Anesthetics used for

Answer 42

prep for procedures

Question 43

Topical Anesthetics examples

Answer 43

Lidocaine-prilocaine (EMLA)
• Lidocaine-tetracaine (Synera)
• Lidocaine 4% (LMX-4)
• Use for topical anesthesia for minor painful
procedures

Question 44

Astringents example and use

Answer 44

Aluminum chloride hexahydrate (Drysol)
– Used for hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating)
– Apply at bedtime, and wash off in morning