Week 5 Day 2, Metabolism Basics, Absorptive Phase, Postaqbsorptive Phase, Metabolic Hormones, Metabolic Rate

Question 1

What are the two metabolism chemical reactions that occur in our body? What do they do and give an example for each.

Answer 1

Anabolic & Catabolic

Anabolic is the buildup: Buildup of testosterone
Catabolic is the breakdown: Cortisol

Question 2

What happens to extra glucose?

Answer 2

It’s stored

Question 3

Where are lipids stored?

Answer 3

Adipose tissue

Question 4

Are proteins used mostly for catabolic or anabolic purposes?

Answer 4

Anabolic

Question 5

What is the status of oxygen and nutrients as it relates to the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 5

The hepatic portal vein is oxygen and nutrient poor

Question 6

What are the 3 roles of the liver?

Answer 6

Detoxify, metabolize, produce bile

Question 7

What is Cytochrome p459s and what is its function?

Answer 7

It is a class of enzymes to detoxify the body

Question 8

Give a time frame, in relation to eating, for the absorptive state and post absorptive state. Where is food in relation to GI tract?

Answer 8

Absorptive state: Within the first 4 hours. Food is in the GI tract

Post absorptive state: After 4 hours since eating. Food is not in the GI tract

Question 9

How does the body always prepare for starvation?

Answer 9

The body will absorb more calories/ nutrients than is required

Some goes into the bloodstream and some are just stored.

Question 10

What stores triglycerides?

Answer 10

Adipose tissue

Question 11

In the post-absorptive state, where can the nervous system only pull glucose from?

Answer 11

From the bloodstream.

Question 12

Describe what Glycogenolysis is?

Answer 12

Breakdown of glycogen

Question 13

Describe Gluconeogenesis?

Answer 13

Making glucose in the liver

Question 14

What is lypolysis

Answer 14

Breakdown of fat

Question 15

Which stimulates lipolysis? EPI or Cort

Answer 15

Both

Question 16

What stimulates glycogenolysis? Epi or cort

Answer 16

Epi

Question 17

What stimulates catabolism (breakdown of proteins)? Epi or cort

Answer 17

Cort

Question 18

How are the kidneys involved in gluconeogensis?

Answer 18

After fasting for 7+ hours, kidney’s can make glucose.

Question 19

What does high density lipoproteins (HDLs) indicate?

Answer 19

Good cholesterol

Question 20

What does low density lipoproteins (LDLS) indicate?

Answer 20

Bad cholesterol

Question 21

What does very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs) indicate?

Answer 21

Bad cholesterol

Question 22

What do lipoproteins carry? Which one carries the most?

Answer 22

Fat

-VLDL

Question 23

What does lipoprotein lipase do?

Answer 23

Cleaves fatty acid from lipoprotein and helps it diffuse out of the bloodstream into the adipose tissue

Question 24

What are 3 enzymes for fat digestion?

Answer 24

Lingual lipase, gastric lipase, pancreatic lipase

Question 25

Where are Triglycerides made? What is it made of?

Answer 25

- Liver or adipocyte | - Fatty acid, glucose, or amino acids

Question 26

Where does cholesterol come from?

Answer 26

Animal products

Question 27

Can cholesterol be used for cellular respiration? And what can too much cholesterol lead to?

Answer 27

- No | - atherosclerosis

Question 28

What 3 things removes cholesterol from blood?

Answer 28

Liver, all cells, small intestine

Question 29

What can the liver make cholesterol turn into?

Answer 29

Bile salts

Question 30

Which is more dangerous for humans: saturated or unsaturated fats. WHy?

Answer 30

Saturated because it can stack

Question 31

Where do HDLs deliver cholesterol? (2)

Answer 31

Liver or endocrine glands

Question 32

Where do LDLs and VLDLs deliver cholesterol to?

Answer 32

All cells

Question 33

If you have atherosclerosis, which lipoprotein type are you more likely to have?

Answer 33

More LDL & VLDL than HDL

Question 34

Which cells use amino acids?

Answer 34

All of them do.

Question 35

When you increase Plasma insulin, what affects does that have on glucose in the muscle, adipocytes, and liver?

Answer 35

Muscle: ^ glucose uptake & utilization Adipocyte: ^ glucose uptake & utilization Liver: decrease gluconeogenesis

Question 36

If there is extra glucose and it goes into adipocytes, what does it make?

Answer 36

triglycerides

Question 37

What does an increase in Incretins have on insulin secretion?

Answer 37

Makes insulin increase in secretion

Question 38

When is glucagon released? Absorptive or post-absorptive phase?

Answer 38

Postabsorptive phase

Question 39

What does leptin cause?

Answer 39

A decrease in appetite