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PHysiology Bi211 > Week 5 Day 2, Metabolism Basics, Absorptive Phase, Postaqbsorptive Phase, Metabolic Hormones, Metabolic Rate > Flashcards

Week 5 Day 2, Metabolism Basics, Absorptive Phase, Postaqbsorptive Phase, Metabolic Hormones, Metabolic Rate Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two metabolism chemical reactions that occur in our body? What do they do and give an example for each.

A

Anabolic & Catabolic

Anabolic is the buildup: Buildup of testosterone
Catabolic is the breakdown: Cortisol

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2
Q

What happens to extra glucose?

A

It’s stored

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3
Q

Where are lipids stored?

A

Adipose tissue

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4
Q

Are proteins used mostly for catabolic or anabolic purposes?

A

Anabolic

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5
Q

What is the status of oxygen and nutrients as it relates to the hepatic portal vein?

A

The hepatic portal vein is oxygen and nutrient poor

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6
Q

What are the 3 roles of the liver?

A

Detoxify, metabolize, produce bile

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7
Q

What is Cytochrome p459s and what is its function?

A

It is a class of enzymes to detoxify the body

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8
Q

Give a time frame, in relation to eating, for the absorptive state and post absorptive state. Where is food in relation to GI tract?

A

Absorptive state: Within the first 4 hours. Food is in the GI tract

Post absorptive state: After 4 hours since eating. Food is not in the GI tract

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9
Q

How does the body always prepare for starvation?

A

The body will absorb more calories/ nutrients than is required

Some goes into the bloodstream and some are just stored.

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10
Q

What stores triglycerides?

A

Adipose tissue

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11
Q

In the post-absorptive state, where can the nervous system only pull glucose from?

A

From the bloodstream.

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12
Q

Describe what Glycogenolysis is?

A

Breakdown of glycogen

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13
Q

Describe Gluconeogenesis?

A

Making glucose in the liver

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14
Q

What is lypolysis

A

Breakdown of fat

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15
Q

Which stimulates lipolysis? EPI or Cort

A

Both

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16
Q

What stimulates glycogenolysis? Epi or cort

A

Epi

17
Q

What stimulates catabolism (breakdown of proteins)? Epi or cort

A

Cort

18
Q

How are the kidneys involved in gluconeogensis?

A

After fasting for 7+ hours, kidney’s can make glucose.

19
Q

What does high density lipoproteins (HDLs) indicate?

A

Good cholesterol

20
Q

What does low density lipoproteins (LDLS) indicate?

A

Bad cholesterol

21
Q

What does very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs) indicate?

A

Bad cholesterol

22
Q

What do lipoproteins carry? Which one carries the most?

A

Fat

-VLDL

23
Q

What does lipoprotein lipase do?

A

Cleaves fatty acid from lipoprotein and helps it diffuse out of the bloodstream into the adipose tissue

24
Q

What are 3 enzymes for fat digestion?

A

Lingual lipase, gastric lipase, pancreatic lipase

25
Q

Where are Triglycerides made? What is it made of?

A
  • Liver or adipocyte

- Fatty acid, glucose, or amino acids

26
Q

Where does cholesterol come from?

A

Animal products

27
Q

Can cholesterol be used for cellular respiration? And what can too much cholesterol lead to?

A
  • No

- atherosclerosis

28
Q

What 3 things removes cholesterol from blood?

A

Liver, all cells, small intestine

29
Q

What can the liver make cholesterol turn into?

A

Bile salts

30
Q

Which is more dangerous for humans: saturated or unsaturated fats. WHy?

A

Saturated because it can stack

31
Q

Where do HDLs deliver cholesterol? (2)

A

Liver or endocrine glands

32
Q

Where do LDLs and VLDLs deliver cholesterol to?

A

All cells

33
Q

If you have atherosclerosis, which lipoprotein type are you more likely to have?

A

More LDL & VLDL than HDL

34
Q

Which cells use amino acids?

A

All of them do.

35
Q

When you increase Plasma insulin, what affects does that have on glucose in the muscle, adipocytes, and liver?

A

Muscle: ^ glucose uptake & utilization
Adipocyte: ^ glucose uptake & utilization
Liver: decrease gluconeogenesis

36
Q

If there is extra glucose and it goes into adipocytes, what does it make?

A

triglycerides

37
Q

What does an increase in Incretins have on insulin secretion?

A

Makes insulin increase in secretion

38
Q

When is glucagon released? Absorptive or post-absorptive phase?

A

Postabsorptive phase

39
Q

What does leptin cause?

A

A decrease in appetite

PHysiology Bi211 (12 decks)

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