Week 4 Day 2 Under Pressure, Cardiac cycle A

Question 1

What are the two sections of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

Pulmonary and systemic system

Question 2

Which side of heart carries oxygen poor molecules?

Answer 2

The right side

Question 3

What is hydrostatic pressure

?

Answer 3

The force exerted by the fluid on its container (i.e. blood vessels

Question 4

Waht is the flow equation?

Answer 4

F=changeP/R

Question 5

What are the 3 factors that affect flow? Describe each

Answer 5

Distance, diameter of tube, viscosity
Distance: flow and pressure decrease over distance
Diameter: thinner containers have increased resistance
Viscosity: thicker fluids do not flow as well

Question 6

Where are 3/4 of the blood flow used in the bodies organs? Name the 4

Answer 6

Brain, skeletal muscle, kidneys, abdominal organs

Question 7

When pressure increases during heart contraction, what does it do to the valves?

Answer 7

The valves will close to prevent backflow

Question 8

What’s another name for tricuspid valve and bicuspid valve? And which valve makes the sound lub & dub

Answer 8

Atrioventricular valve & semilunar valve

AV: lub
SV: Dub

Question 9

What allows the valve ahead of the blood flow to be open?

Answer 9

The low pressure

Question 10

When Ventricular muscle cells are at rest, what is the RMP, what is the status of VG NA & Ca channels (open or closed)

Answer 10

• RMP: -90

- Both are closed

Question 11

Where can L-type VG-Ca2+ channels be found? And what do they do?

Answer 11

They can be found in the ventricular and atrial cardiac muscles
-they open slower

Question 12

For ventricular and atrial cardiac muscles, which two channels open about the same time?

Answer 12

L-type VG-Ca2+ & VG-K channels

Question 13

What are the two new channels that give pacemaker potential?

Answer 13

F-type VG-Na+ and T-type VG-Ca2+ channels

Question 14

For the pacemaker, when does the L-type Vg-Ca2+ open?

Answer 14

When it reaches threshold

Question 15

What does the parasympathetic NS do to Potassium and Calcium permeability?

Answer 15

Increases K permeability (hyper-polarize)

Decrease Ca2+ permeability (slower depolarization)

Question 16

What does the sympathetic NS do to Ca and Na permeability?

Answer 16

Increase Ca & Na permeability (faster depolarization)

Question 17

For ventricular and atrial cardiac muscles, which channel has a long absolute refractory period?

Answer 17

L-type VG-Ca2+

Question 18

For ventricular and atrial cardiac muscles, which channel has a short relative refractory period?

Answer 18

VG-K+ channels

Question 19

What is the definiton of systole?

Answer 19

Systole: contraction (blood can be ejected)

Question 20

what is the definiton of diastole?

Answer 20

Diastole: relaxation (blood can fill)

Question 21

Blood flow between the atria and ventricle are passive or active?

Answer 21

Passive

Question 22

What’s another term for early ventricular systole?

Answer 22

isovolumetric systole

Question 23

What happens during early ventricular systole?

Answer 23

Contraction occurs and shoots blood up to close the valve and into semilunar valves

Question 24

What happens during late ventricular systole

Answer 24

When the ventricle contracts and increases pressure and opens the semilunar valves

Question 25

What is another term for early ventricular diastole?

Answer 25

Isovolumteric diastole

Question 26

What happens during early ventricular diastole? And which valves are closed

Answer 26

there is low pressure in the ventricle and a higher pressure in the arteries which causes the semilunar valves to close.
-all 4 valves are closed

Question 27

What happens and how does late ventricular diastole occur?

Answer 27

-Blood flows from the atria to the ventricle

When there’s a low pressure in the ventricle and a high pressure in the atria

Question 28

What is stroke volume?

Answer 28

How much volume of blood is shot from the ventricle

Question 29

How much (on avg) blood is shot from a ventricle during systole?

Answer 29

70ml

Question 30

What is the end diastolic volume of a ventricle?

Answer 30

135ml

Question 31

Waht is the volume of the end systolic volume (ESV)

Answer 31

50ml

Question 32

What is the equation for ejection fraction? What is normal?

Answer 32

SV (stroke volume)/ EDV (end diastolic volume)

-50-70%

Question 33

What increases end diastolic volume?

Answer 33

increased venous return

Question 34

Let’s say if the EDV (end diastole volme) is increased, it’ll increase systole volume which. What happens to the ejection fraction volume?

Answer 34

The ejection fraction still remains roughly about 50% no matter the change in variable with EDV

Question 35

What is cardiac output equation?

Answer 35

BPM x SV (stroke volume which is basically .07L)

Question 36

Epinephrine binding to beta receptors makes blood shift where?

Answer 36

skeletal muscles

Question 37

Epinephrine binding to alpha receptors makes blood shift where? to ]

Answer 37

Interstitial blood/ GI tract

Question 38

What is the Frank Sterling law?

Answer 38

The increase of stroke volume will increase end diastolic volume, proportionally increasing the ejection fraction.