Week 1 Day 1 Homeostasis, Diffusion, Ficks law

Question 1

Name the 4 different types of specialized cells

Answer 1

• Epithelial
• connective
• Neuron
• Muscle

Question 2

Intracellular fluid definition

Answer 2

Fluid inside the cell

Question 3

Interstitial fluid definition

Answer 3

Fluid outside of the blood vessels

Question 4

Plasma

Answer 4

Fluid in blood vessels

Question 5

3 types of responses from the body

Answer 5

Behavioral, physiological, or both

Question 6

Negative feedback

Answer 6

The response returns the body back to the original setpoint

Question 7

Positive feedback

Answer 7

The response returns the body further away from the original set point

Question 8

Name both homeostatic regulation prediction and the difference

Answer 8

Acclimatization & developmental acclimatization

The difference is that acclimatization is reversible and developmental is permanent

Question 9

Name the 2 types of chemical signaling in respect to distance

Answer 9

Systematic (distance): Hormone, neurotransmitters

Local (neighbors): Paracrine, Autocrine

Question 10

Name the 4 types of proteins as pertains to this class and a one word description

Answer 10

Structural: cellular level
Catalytic: Enzymes
Regulatory: Hormones, neurotransmitters
Transport: carrier proteins

Question 11

Define diffusion

Answer 11

Movement of a greater concentration to a lower concentration

Question 12

What’s the definition of dynamic equilibrium

Answer 12

When it reaches equilibrium but the solute and water are continuously shifting

Question 13

What’s the definition of a one-way flux

Answer 13

Mvt in one direction

Question 14

What’s the definition Net flux

Answer 14

Net flex: total summation of mvt (end results)

Question 15

Is diffusion active or passive

Answer 15

Passive

Question 16

In the process of diffusion, how do the gradients travel

Answer 16

Molecules move down concentration gradient

Question 17

At what point does diffusion stop?

Answer 17

When dynamic equilibrium is reached

Question 18

What are the 4 ways when diffusion is faster?

Answer 18

• higher concentration is greater
• When temp is higher
• When molecules are smaller
• When distance is shorter

Question 19

What are plasma membranes permeable to

Answer 19

Lipophilic/non polar

Question 20

3 examples of permeable subtances

Answer 20

O2, CO2, Estrogen

Question 21

2 examples of selectively permeable molecules

Answer 21

Ions

Glucose

Question 22

What are plasma membranes selectively permeable to?

Answer 22

-Lipophobic/polar molecules

Question 23

Is net diffusion fast or slow?

Answer 23

Net diffusion is slow

Question 24

What is the definition of Ficks Law?

What are 4 of the diffusion rules as it pertains to ficks law?

Answer 24

• Definition: Rate to cross a membrane

- Lipid stability, surface area, concentration, mb thickness (bc big molecules can’t go through)–I.e size matters

Question 25

What are the 4 types of protein?

Answer 25

Structural, catalytic, regulatory, transport

Question 26

What is another name for ionotropic receptor cell?

Answer 26

Ligan gated channel

Question 27

What is another name for metabotropic receptor cell?

Answer 27

G protein coupled receptor (GPCR)

Question 28

What do signaling pathways depend on?

Answer 28

They depend on receptor and cell type, not the signal

Question 29

How does Downregulation work?

Answer 29

Being exposed to multiple ligands will cause the receptors to either decrease in receptor production or decreased sensitivity

Question 30

How does upregulation work?

Answer 30

When there’s a low concentration of ligands and the more receptors are produced and the it increases sensitivity

Question 31

What are the two ways to stop a signaling pathway?

Answer 31

-Remove the signal or remove the receptor

Question 32

Definition of agonists

Answer 32

Agonists are exciters and mimic signal molecules that cause action

Question 33

What is the Definiton of antagonist

Answer 33

Antagonists are inhibitors that block the receptor and signal pathway.