Week 5/Chapter 5

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

The process involved in retaining, retrieving, and using information about stimuli, images, events, and skills after the original information is no longer present.

Question 2

Sensory Memory

Answer 2

Brief persistence of an image.

Question 3

Short-Term/Working Memory

Answer 3

Information that stays in our memory for brief periods (10-15 seconds).

Question 4

Long-Term Memory

Answer 4

Responsible for storing information for long periods of time, can extend from minutes to a lifetime.

Question 5

Episodic Memory

Answer 5

Experiences from the past

Question 6

Procedural Memory

Answer 6

Ability to do things that involve muscle coordination.

Question 7

Semantic Memory

Answer 7

Facts

Question 8

Structural Features

Answer 8

Types of memory listed for the modal model of memory.

Question 9

Control Processes

Answer 9

Dynamic processes associated with the structural features that can be controlled by the person and may differ from one task to another. Ex: rehearsal.

Question 10

Rehearsal

Answer 10

Repeating a stimulus over and over in order to hold it in your mind.

Question 11

Encoding

Answer 11

The process of storing information in LTM.

Question 12

Modal Model of Memory

Answer 12

Sensory, STM, LTM.

Question 13

Retrieval

Answer 13

The process of remembering info that is stored in LTM.

Question 14

Sensory Memory

Answer 14

Retention, for brief periods of time, of the effects of sensory stimulation.

Question 15

Persistence of Vision

Answer 15

Continued perception of a visual stimulus even after it is no longer present.

Question 16

Whole Report Method

Answer 16

Participants being asked to report as many letters as possible from an entire 12-letter display.

Question 17

Partial Report Method

Answer 17

Sperling’s experiment.
Instructed to report only some of the stimuli in a brief presented display.
Cue tone immediately after display indicates which part of display to report.

Question 18

Iconic Memory or Visual Icon

Answer 18

Brief sensory memory for visual stimuli.

Question 19

Decays

Answer 19

Process by which information is lost from memory due to the passage of time.

Question 20

STM

Answer 20

System involved in storing small amounts of information for a brief period of time.

Question 21

Recall

Answer 21

After a delay are asked to report back as many stimuli as possible.

Question 22

Digit Span

Answer 22

The number of digits a person can remember.

Question 23

Chunking

Answer 23

Small units can be combined into larger, meaningful units, like phrases.

Question 24

Chunk

Answer 24

A collection of elements that are strongly associated with one another but are weakly associated with elements in other chunks.

Question 25

Change Detection

Answer 25

Detecting differences between pictures or displays that are presented one after another.

Question 26

Phonological Loop

Answer 26

Holds verbal and auditory information.

Question 27

Phonological Store

Answer 27

Limited capacity and holds information for only a few seconds.

Question 28

Articulatory Rehearsal Process

Answer 28

Responsible for rehearsal that can keep items in the phonological store from decaying.

Question 29

Visuospatial Sketch Pad

Answer 29

Holds visual and spatial information.

Question 30

Central Executive

Answer 30

Where the major work of working memory occurs.

Question 31

Phonological Similarity Effect

Answer 31

Confusion of letters or words that sounds similar.

Question 32

Word Length Effect

Answer 32

When memory for lists of words is better for short words than long words.

Question 33

Articulatory Suppression

Answer 33

The repetition of an irrelevant sound, which reduces memory because speaking interferes with rehearsal.

Question 34

Visual Imagery

Answer 34

The creation of visual images in the mind in the absence of a physical visual stimulus.

Question 35

Mental Rotation

Answer 35

Rotating of an image of one of the objects in their mind.

Question 36

Perseveration

Answer 36

Repeatedly performing the same action or thought even if it is not achieving the desired goal.

Question 37

Episodic Buffer

Answer 37

Can store information (extra capacity), connected to LTM.

Question 38

Delayed-Reponse Task

Answer 38

Requiring monkey to hold information in working memory during a delay period.

Question 39

Activity State

Answer 39

Information to be remembered causes a number of neurons to briefly fire.

Question 40

Synaptic State

Answer 40

Number of connection between neurons are strengthened.

Question 41

Activity-Silent Working Memory

Answer 41

Changes in connectivity during the synaptic state, lasts only a few seconds.

Question 42

Reading Span Test

Answer 42

Test developed by Daneman and Carpenter for working memory capacity differences and how they relate to reading comprehension.

Question 43

Event-Related Potential (ERP)

Answer 43

Recorded with small disc electrodes on scalp, picks signals from groups of neurons that fire together. Larger ERP means more capacity used.