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Psyc 258 - Cognitive Psyc > Week 5/Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Week 5/Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Memory

A

The process involved in retaining, retrieving, and using information about stimuli, images, events, and skills after the original information is no longer present.

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2
Q

Sensory Memory

A

Brief persistence of an image.

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3
Q

Short-Term/Working Memory

A

Information that stays in our memory for brief periods (10-15 seconds).

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4
Q

Long-Term Memory

A

Responsible for storing information for long periods of time, can extend from minutes to a lifetime.

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5
Q

Episodic Memory

A

Experiences from the past

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6
Q

Procedural Memory

A

Ability to do things that involve muscle coordination.

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7
Q

Semantic Memory

A

Facts

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8
Q

Structural Features

A

Types of memory listed for the modal model of memory.

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9
Q

Control Processes

A

Dynamic processes associated with the structural features that can be controlled by the person and may differ from one task to another. Ex: rehearsal.

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10
Q

Rehearsal

A

Repeating a stimulus over and over in order to hold it in your mind.

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11
Q

Encoding

A

The process of storing information in LTM.

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12
Q

Modal Model of Memory

A

Sensory, STM, LTM.

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13
Q

Retrieval

A

The process of remembering info that is stored in LTM.

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14
Q

Sensory Memory

A

Retention, for brief periods of time, of the effects of sensory stimulation.

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15
Q

Persistence of Vision

A

Continued perception of a visual stimulus even after it is no longer present.

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16
Q

Whole Report Method

A

Participants being asked to report as many letters as possible from an entire 12-letter display.

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17
Q

Partial Report Method

A

Sperling’s experiment.
Instructed to report only some of the stimuli in a brief presented display.
Cue tone immediately after display indicates which part of display to report.

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18
Q

Iconic Memory or Visual Icon

A

Brief sensory memory for visual stimuli.

19
Q

Decays

A

Process by which information is lost from memory due to the passage of time.

20
Q

STM

A

System involved in storing small amounts of information for a brief period of time.

21
Q

Recall

A

After a delay are asked to report back as many stimuli as possible.

22
Q

Digit Span

A

The number of digits a person can remember.

23
Q

Chunking

A

Small units can be combined into larger, meaningful units, like phrases.

24
Q

Chunk

A

A collection of elements that are strongly associated with one another but are weakly associated with elements in other chunks.

25
Q

Change Detection

A

Detecting differences between pictures or displays that are presented one after another.

26
Q

Phonological Loop

A

Holds verbal and auditory information.

27
Q

Phonological Store

A

Limited capacity and holds information for only a few seconds.

28
Q

Articulatory Rehearsal Process

A

Responsible for rehearsal that can keep items in the phonological store from decaying.

29
Q

Visuospatial Sketch Pad

A

Holds visual and spatial information.

30
Q

Central Executive

A

Where the major work of working memory occurs.

31
Q

Phonological Similarity Effect

A

Confusion of letters or words that sounds similar.

32
Q

Word Length Effect

A

When memory for lists of words is better for short words than long words.

33
Q

Articulatory Suppression

A

The repetition of an irrelevant sound, which reduces memory because speaking interferes with rehearsal.

34
Q

Visual Imagery

A

The creation of visual images in the mind in the absence of a physical visual stimulus.

35
Q

Mental Rotation

A

Rotating of an image of one of the objects in their mind.

36
Q

Perseveration

A

Repeatedly performing the same action or thought even if it is not achieving the desired goal.

37
Q

Episodic Buffer

A

Can store information (extra capacity), connected to LTM.

38
Q

Delayed-Reponse Task

A

Requiring monkey to hold information in working memory during a delay period.

39
Q

Activity State

A

Information to be remembered causes a number of neurons to briefly fire.

40
Q

Synaptic State

A

Number of connection between neurons are strengthened.

41
Q

Activity-Silent Working Memory

A

Changes in connectivity during the synaptic state, lasts only a few seconds.

42
Q

Reading Span Test

A

Test developed by Daneman and Carpenter for working memory capacity differences and how they relate to reading comprehension.

43
Q

Event-Related Potential (ERP)

A

Recorded with small disc electrodes on scalp, picks signals from groups of neurons that fire together. Larger ERP means more capacity used.

Psyc 258 - Cognitive Psyc (13 decks)

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