Week 5 - A - Urogenital imaging lecture from week 1 Flashcards
What are the layers of the kidney?
Fibrous capsule (mainly collagen and elastin) Outer cortex Inner medulla
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
This is the nephron
Which parts of the nephron are locate in the medulla?
The loop of henle and the collecting duct are located in the medulla of the kidney
What is the relationship of the renal artery, vein,ureter and hilum?
The renal vein is anterior at the hilum The renal artery is posterior The ureter is inferior leaving the hilum to go t the bladder
Describe the flow of urine from collecting duct to the prostatic urethra?
Collecting duct - exits the medulla via the renal papillae - excretes urine into the minor calyces which join to form major calyces and these join to form the renal pelvis This drains urine into the ureter which inserts posteriolaerally into the bladder which drains into the prostatic urethra
Are the kidneys retro or intraperitoneal organ and which lies higher? State the vertebral levels
Kdineys are retorperitoneal The left lies higher due to the right having the liver above pushing it downwards Left kidney - T12-L2 Right kidney - L1-L3
What is the location of the kidneys in the posterior abdominal wall?
The kidneys lie in the paravertebral gutters of the posterior abdominal wall
What are the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall that protect the kidneys?
Psoas major (medial) and quadratus lumborim (lateral)
Going from kidneys to peritoneum direction name the structures from renal capsule to the visceral peritoneum
Renal capsule Perinephric fat Renal (deep) fascia Paranephric fat Visceral peritoneum
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- Parenchyma 2. Cortex 3. Medulla 4. Perninephric fat 5. Capsule 6. Ureter 7. Renal pelvis 8. Renal vein and artery 9. Hilum 10. Minor calyx
Which structures lie anterior to the right kidney?
Anterior structures Liver and hepatorenal recess 2nd part of duodenum Ascending colon Right colic flexure - hepatic flexure
Which structures lie anterior to the left kidney?
Stomach Tail of pancreas Hilum of spleen and splenic vessels The splenic flexure
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This is the transverse colon
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This is liver - sits in front of the right kidney
Which part of the duodenum lies in front of the right kidney?
The 2nd part of the duodenum lies in front of the kidney
Which renal vein is longer?
The left renal vein is longer as it has to pass over the aorta to supply the left kidney
Name the two circled strcutres?
Spleen and splenic artery
What does the splenic artery arise? What does this structure also give off?
Arises from the coeliac trunk which is T12 Coeliac trunk - trifurcates into left gastric, common hepatic and splenic artery
Where on the kidneys do the suprarenal glands lie?
They lie superomedially on the kidneys
At what levels do the renal hilum arise?
Left renal hilum - - L1 Right renal hilum - L1/2
Which imagaing modality can be used to view hydronephrosis and calculi? What is hydronephrosis definition?
Use ultraound Hydronephrosis is the dilatation of the renal pelvis
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A - right lobe of liver B - medulla C - Cortex
What are the 4 lobes of the liver?
Right, left, caudate, and quadrate
Even though ultrasound can detect renal stones, what is the best imaging technique to detect these?
Non contrast CT
What is a complication of contrast CT scans when used to view the kidney?
Can cause contrast induced nephropathy
What are the four phases of a CT contrast scan?
Pre-contrast - before contrast Corticomedullary - corticol enhancement Nephrographic- Renal medulla and cortex enhance equally Excretory - opacification of the renal collecting duct and urinary system