Week 1 - F - Physiology 2 - Kidney structure and function Flashcards
On average, how much water do the kidneys produce per day?
On average produce around 1.5 litres of water per day
It is important for kindeys to maintain the plasma volume and plasma osmolarity What will an imbalance in the water or salt concentration of the ECF cause?
It will change the osmolarity of the ECF resulting in a fluid shift between ECF and ICF to restore fluid imbalance
Kidneys play an important role in the acid-base balance What are three examples of waste products excreted in the urine?
Urea Bilirubin Uric acid Damage to the kidneys can result in build up of waste products
What do the kidneys secrete to help maintain the blood pressure? What do the kidneys secrete when we become hypoxic or anaemic?
Secretes renin to help control the blood pressure Also secretes erythropoitein which stimulates RBC production
Where is vitamin D synthesised from?
From the diet or from the sun
What is the precursor to vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), absorbed from the sun before being synthesised to vitD3 in the skin?
7-Dehydrocholesterol
Once vitD3 is synthesised, what does the liver convert it to?
Converts it to 25OHvitD3 (25hydroxy vitamin D3)
What does the liver then convert the 25OH VitD3 to?
Converts it to 1,25dihydroxy VitD3
What is 1,25 dihydroxy vitD3 known as? (also used in psoriasis treatment)
Cacitriol and absorbs calcium from the gut to help make bones strong
What in the urinary system produces the urine? Where is the urine stored?
Kidneys produce the urine It is stored in the bladder
What further modification does the urine undergo once released from the kidneys? What connects the kidney to the bladder?
Doe not undergo any further modification Connected via the ureters
What is the typical weight of an adult kidney? What percentage of the cardiac output does the kidneys recieve?
Typical weight is 150g Receives about 25% of the cardiac output
What is the walls of the ureter surrounded by that can cause peristaltic contraction to push urine into the bladder?
Surrounded by smooth muscle
The renal medulla has a striated appearance, what is the renal medulla made up of?
pyramids
What is a functional unit? What is the functional unit of the kindey? each kidney is composed of millions of these functional units
Functional unit is the smallest unit of the body able to perform the functions of that organ The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron
What is the functional unit of skeletal muscle?
Sarcomere