Week 1 - D - Embryology 1 - urinary system Flashcards
What week do the kidneys begin development?
Around week 3
What germ layer do the kidneys develop from?
Mesoderm
What specific mesoderm layer do the kidneys develop from?
They develop from the intermediate mesoderm
The intermediate mesoderm gives rise to the nephrotomes What do the nephrotomes give rise to that eventually give rise to the mesoneprhos?
The nephrotomes give rise to the pronephri and this gives rise to the mesonrephros
What duct expands from cranial to caudal to the region of the developing bladder?
The mesonephric duct
Kidney
- Renal Capsule
- Renal Cortex
- Renal Medulla
- Renal Pyramid
- Renal Pelvis
- Renal Column
- Renal Calyx
- Ureter
What acts as a temporary kidney until the kidney is formed?
The mesonephros lined against the mesonephric duct
Which two structures give rise to the kidney that form around week 5?
The uretic bud and the metanephric blastema give rise to the metanephros which becomes the kidney
What branches from the distal mesoneprhic duct to join to the metanephric blastema?
The ureteric bud
What can failure of the ureteric bud to join to the metanephric blastema (metanephric mesenchyme) cause?
This will cause kidney agenesis
Kidneys produces the amnitoic fluid for the developing foetus, what can bilateral kidney agenesis cause?
This can cause oligohydroamnios
What are features of oligohydroamnios?
Reduced amniotic fluid causes increased pressure on developing foetus Can causes flat face, Lung hypoplasia, low set ears
In an adult kidney, what composes the collecting system? (from collecting duct to bladder)
Collecting duct Minor calyx Major calyx Renal pelvis Ureter Bladder - posterior wall
Does the ureteric bud or metanephric blastema form the collecting duct system?
The ureteric bud forms this
What does the ureteric bud bulge into to cause the development of the collecting system?
It bulges into the mesoderm of the metanephric blastema forming the different calyces and renal pelvis
Whilst the ureteric bud is forming the collecting system, the metanephric blastema is forming the filtration unit, what is the filtration unit of the kidney?
The nephron
Where do the kindeys develop and where do they end up?
The kidneys develop in the pelvis and ascend to the flanks (lumbar regions)
Do the adenal glands also develop with the kidney as they sit supramedially on the kidneys?
No they develop separately
If one of the kidneys fails to ascend due to it being blocked by other pelvic structures, this can cause a pelvic kidney What is it known as when the inferior portions of the kidney join? Which artery from the is the horseshoe trapped beneath?
This is a horseshoe kidney Trapped beneath the inferior mesenteric artery
The bladder develops from a hindgut endoderm organ What is the name of this organ?
The clocoa
What is the seminal vesicle in men formed by?
Formed by the remnants of the mesanephric duct
What does the mesonephric duct form in males that inserts into the prostate gland via the ejaculatory duct?
- Forms the vas deferens
- Vas deferens is also known as ductus deferens
- Can see the clocoa (yellow) becoming bladder
- Allantois becomes urachus (canal)
The urachus is a fibrous remnant of the allantois, a canal that drains the urinary bladder of the fetus that joins and runs within the umbilical cord What can a remannt of this passageway cause?
Can cause a connection between the bladder and ureter known as a urachal fistula
Failure of the inside of the urachus to be filled in leaves the urachus open. The telltale sign is leakage of what through the umbilicus?
Leakage of urine
