Week 1 - D - Embryology 1 - urinary system

Question 1

What week do the kidneys begin development?

Answer 1

Around week 3

Question 2

What germ layer do the kidneys develop from?

Answer 2

Mesoderm

Question 3

What specific mesoderm layer do the kidneys develop from?

Answer 3

They develop from the intermediate mesoderm

Question 4

The intermediate mesoderm gives rise to the nephrotomes What do the nephrotomes give rise to that eventually give rise to the mesoneprhos?

Answer 4

The nephrotomes give rise to the pronephri and this gives rise to the mesonrephros

Question 5

What duct expands from cranial to caudal to the region of the developing bladder?

Answer 5

The mesonephric duct

Question 6

Kidney

Answer 6

• 1. Renal Capsule
• 2. Renal Cortex
• 3. Renal Medulla
• 4. Renal Pyramid
• 5. Renal Pelvis
• 6. Renal Column
• 7. Renal Calyx
• 8. Ureter

Question 7

What acts as a temporary kidney until the kidney is formed?

Answer 7

The mesonephros lined against the mesonephric duct

Question 8

Which two structures give rise to the kidney that form around week 5?

Answer 8

The uretic bud and the metanephric blastema give rise to the metanephros which becomes the kidney

Question 9

What branches from the distal mesoneprhic duct to join to the metanephric blastema?

Answer 9

The ureteric bud

Question 10

What can failure of the ureteric bud to join to the metanephric blastema (metanephric mesenchyme) cause?

Answer 10

This will cause kidney agenesis

Question 11

Kidneys produces the amnitoic fluid for the developing foetus, what can bilateral kidney agenesis cause?

Answer 11

This can cause oligohydroamnios

Question 12

What are features of oligohydroamnios?

Answer 12

Reduced amniotic fluid causes increased pressure on developing foetus Can causes flat face, Lung hypoplasia, low set ears

Question 13

In an adult kidney, what composes the collecting system? (from collecting duct to bladder)

Answer 13

Collecting duct Minor calyx Major calyx Renal pelvis Ureter Bladder - posterior wall

Question 14

Does the ureteric bud or metanephric blastema form the collecting duct system?

Answer 14

The ureteric bud forms this

Question 15

What does the ureteric bud bulge into to cause the development of the collecting system?

Answer 15

It bulges into the mesoderm of the metanephric blastema forming the different calyces and renal pelvis

Question 16

Whilst the ureteric bud is forming the collecting system, the metanephric blastema is forming the filtration unit, what is the filtration unit of the kidney?

Answer 16

The nephron

Question 17

Where do the kindeys develop and where do they end up?

Answer 17

The kidneys develop in the pelvis and ascend to the flanks (lumbar regions)

Question 18

Do the adenal glands also develop with the kidney as they sit supramedially on the kidneys?

Answer 18

No they develop separately

Question 19

If one of the kidneys fails to ascend due to it being blocked by other pelvic structures, this can cause a pelvic kidney What is it known as when the inferior portions of the kidney join? Which artery from the is the horseshoe trapped beneath?

Answer 19

This is a horseshoe kidney Trapped beneath the inferior mesenteric artery

Question 20

The bladder develops from a hindgut endoderm organ What is the name of this organ?

Answer 20

The clocoa

Question 21

What is the seminal vesicle in men formed by?

Answer 21

Formed by the remnants of the mesanephric duct

Question 22

What does the mesonephric duct form in males that inserts into the prostate gland via the ejaculatory duct?

Answer 22

• Forms the vas deferens
• Vas deferens is also known as ductus deferens
• Can see the clocoa (yellow) becoming bladder
• Allantois becomes urachus (canal)

Question 23

The urachus is a fibrous remnant of the allantois, a canal that drains the urinary bladder of the fetus that joins and runs within the umbilical cord What can a remannt of this passageway cause?

Answer 23

Can cause a connection between the bladder and ureter known as a urachal fistula

Question 24

Failure of the inside of the urachus to be filled in leaves the urachus open. The telltale sign is leakage of what through the umbilicus?

Answer 24

Leakage of urine