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Human Development (BSC5314) > Week 4 Development > Flashcards

Week 4 Development Flashcards

0
Q

What are the folding events a result of?

A

result from differential growth rates in cells in the involved areas

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1
Q

Do all the foldings events occur simultaneously?

A

Yes

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2
Q

What happens to the neural folds in the cranial region?

A

early week 4, neural fold in the cranial region have thickened to form the primordial brain

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3
Q

How do the head fold relative position change?

A

Initially, the primordial brain is oriented “dorsally” toward amniotic cavity

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4
Q

How does the changing of position of the head fold affect the position of the heart and oropharyngeal membrane?

A

As the forebrain enlarges, brain grows cranially beyond the oropharyngeal membrane

- at this point it is hanging over the primordial heart
- a cluster of structure are bing pushed ventrally
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5
Q

What will the septum transversum form?

A

central tendon of the diaphragm

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6
Q

Where is the septum transversum located prior to head folding?

A

primordial heart and developing pericardial cavity

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7
Q

Where is the septum transversum after head folding?

A

now locates between the developing heart and liver

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8
Q

How is the foregut formed initially?

A

as a result of forebrain enlargement, part of the umbilibal vesicle endoderm is incorporated into the cranial embryo
- this cranial endoderm tube becomes the foregut

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9
Q

What will the foregut develop into?

A

pharynx, esophagus, stomach, part of duodenum, liver, pancreas

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10
Q

Where is the foregut located at this time?

A

at this point the foregut is between the primordial brain and the primordial heart

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11
Q

What is the stomodeum?

- what will it become?

A

stomodeum - invagination anterior to oropharyngeal membrane

- becomes the future mouth

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12
Q

The tail fold is caused by growth of what structure?

A

due to rapid caudal growth and extension of the neural tube (primordial spinal cord)

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13
Q

What is the caudal eminence?

A

tail region that projects caudally over the cloacal membrane

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14
Q

What is the cloacal membrane?

A

site of future anus

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15
Q

What is the allantois?

A
  • small fingerlike evaginations of the umbilical vesicle into the connecting stalk
  • forms around day 16
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16
Q

What is the function of allantois in animals?

A
  • develops blood vessels for gas exchange

- stores urine during embryonic development

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17
Q

What is the function of allantois in humans?

A

remains small in humans

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18
Q

What is the urachus?

A

the allantois persists as the urachus extending from urinary bladder to umbilicus

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19
Q

Where is the allantois located?

A

in the median umbilical fold

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20
Q

How is the hindgut formed initially?

A

caudal portion of the umbilical vesicle is incorporated as the hindgut

21
Q

What will the hindgut eventually form?

A

will become the distal part of the colon

22
Q

What is the cloaca?

- common exit for?

A

terminal region dilates as the cloaca

- currently the common exit point for the primordial urinary bladder and rectum

23
Q

What is the proctodeum?

A

external ectodermal invagination

24
Q

What is the connecting stalk?

A

represents the primordial umbilical cord

25
Q

Where is the connecting stalk located relative to the umbilical vesicle?

A

located caudal to the remaining umbilical vesicle

26
Q

What is happening to the embryo body wall in lateral folds?

A
  • due to the rapidly growing spinal cord and somites

- lateral edges roll ventrally and form a cylindrical embryo

27
Q

What is happening to the intra- and extraembryonic coelom?

A

Intraembryonic coelom is sealed off from extraembryonic coelom

28
Q

How does the midgut form?

A

midgut gets enveloped as central part of umbilical vesicle is enclosed

29
Q

What will the midgut develop into eventually?

A

forms distal part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum and proximal 2/3 of colon

30
Q

What is the omphaloenteric duct?

A

connection between midgut and umbilical vesicle gets progressively narrower

31
Q

What happens to the amniotic cavity?

A

continues enlarging

32
Q

What happens to the umbilical vesicle?

A

obliterates as amniotic cavity

33
Q

What happens to the amnion?

A

comes entirely around the embryo - encircles the connecting stalk and the omphaloenteric duct

34
Q

Where is the pericardial cavity?

A

associated with the heart

35
Q

Where is the peritoneal cavity?

A

associated with abdominal and pelvic viscera

36
Q

What are the pericardioperitoneal canals?

A

associated with the lungs

37
Q

What do the pericardioperitoneal canals become?

A

eventually separate off to form pleural cavities

38
Q

What is the parietal mesothelium?

A

lining of pericardial, peritoneal and pleural cavities

39
Q

What is the parietal mesothelium derived from?

A

somatic mesoderm

40
Q

What is the visceral mesothelium?

A

organs that are associated with each cavity are covered by this mesoderm

41
Q

Where is the visceral mesothelium derived from?

A

splanchnic mesoderm

42
Q

What is the mesentery? What does it extend between?

A
  • double layered extension of peritoneum

- span between visceral and parietal peritoneum

43
Q

What is the structural function of the mesentery?

A

connect an organ to the body wall

44
Q

What is the neurovascular function of the mesentery?

A

conveys nonvasculature from body wall to organ

45
Q

Where is the dorsal mesentery located?

A

spans from gut tube to dorsal wall of embryo

46
Q

How does the dorsal mesentery appear in adult?

A

widely variable in adult derivatives along the length of the gut tube

47
Q

Where is the ventral mesentery located?

A

spans from gut tube to ventral wall of embryo

48
Q

In which parts of the gut is this found?

A

persists in adult foregut as lesser omentum and falciform ligament

49
Q

How does the ventral mesentery appear in the adult?

A

breaks down and disappears along midgut and hindgut

50
Q

What will the septum transversum become?

A

will become the central tendon of the thoracic diaphragm

51
Q

How does the septum transversum partition the intraembryonic coelom?

A

partially separates the pericardioperitoneal canals from the peritoneal cavity
- contributes to the formation of bilateral pleural cavities

Human Development (BSC5314) (34 decks)

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