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Human Development (BSC5314) > Integument > Flashcards

Integument Flashcards

0
Q

What is dermis?

A

Dense irregular CT derived from mesenchyme

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1
Q

What is epidermis?

A

Stratified squamous orthokeritinized epithelial tissue derived from surface ectoderm

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2
Q

What does surface ectoderm proliferate to become?

A

keratinoblasts

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3
Q

keratinoblasts form what layers?

A

basal (germinal) layer and squamous periderm

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4
Q

What is vernix caseosa?

A

white greasy substance formed by exfoliating peridermal cells

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5
Q

What is the function of vernix caseosa?

A
  • protective covering for fetal skin

- greasy covering facilitates birth of fetus

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6
Q

In week 11 the keratinoblasts continue to proliferate to form what?

A

intermediate layer

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7
Q

Fingerprints are due to what in the dermis?

A

rete pegs and dermal papillae

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8
Q

What is the periderm replace by?

A

stratum corneum

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9
Q

Is all the epidermal strata present at birth?

A

yes

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10
Q

How do melanocytes come to be?

A

melanoblasts cross dermo-epidermal junction

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11
Q

What begins prior to birth in regards to melaocytes?

A

melanin production

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12
Q

What is Ichthyosis?

A

skin disorder resulting from excessive keratinization

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13
Q

What is curtailed as a results of excessive keratinization in Ichthyosis?

A

hair growth and development of sweat glands

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14
Q

What is generalized albinism?

A

lack of pigmentation in skin, hair, and retina due to lack of enzyme tyrosinase in melanocytes

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15
Q

What is piebaldism?

A

localized albinism

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16
Q

WHat is the dermis derived from?

A

mesenchyme of the somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm

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17
Q

What produces collagen and elastic fibers?

A

fibroblasts

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18
Q

What process of sensory neurons grow into developing dermis?

A

peripheral processes

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19
Q

What is the result of vasculogenesis?

A

results in simple endothelial lined tubes forming in mesenchyme

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20
Q

What is angiogenesis?

A

the process of new vessels protruding from pre-existing vessels

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21
Q

What is a hemangioma?

A

a vascular anomaly resulting from persistent surplus of primitive blood vessels in dermis

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22
Q

Where do nails form?

A

at tips of digits ~10 weeks

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23
Q

Which develops before the other, fingernails or toenails?

A

fingernails

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24
Q

What is the difference between nail fields and hyponychium?

A

hyponychium is the nail field after nail plate has formed

25
Q

What is an eponychium?

A

the cuticle - narrow band of epidermis covering the proximal base of the nail plate

26
Q

What are nail folds?

A

form as epidermal cells proliferate laterally and proximally to nail fields

27
Q

Proliferation and keratinization in proximal fold leads to formation of what?

A

nail plate

28
Q

What is anonychia?

A

absence of nails at birth

29
Q

Where are hairs first recognizeable?

A

eyebrows, upper lip and chin

30
Q

What does the hair follicles begin as?

A

proliferation of stratum basal into underlying dermis

31
Q

What are the peripheral epithelial cells of the invaginating hair follicle called?

A

epithelial root sheath

32
Q

What is the dermal root sheath?

A

dermal mesenchymal cells surrounding the epithelial root sheath

33
Q

What is a hair bulb?

A

club shaped deep end of hair follicle which serves as the germinal center

34
Q

What forms as cells in the germinal center proliferate and become keratinized?

A

hair shaft

35
Q

Ho do we have different hair colour?

A

melanoblasts migrate into bulb and differentiate into melanocytes

36
Q

What are hair papilla?

A

small dermal invagination into hair bulb providing vascular support

37
Q

What develop from mesenchyme in dermis and span from dermal root sheath to papillary dermis?

A

arrector pili muscles

38
Q

What are lanugo?

A

very fine, soft and lightly pigmented first hairs

39
Q

What is the lanugo replaced by?

A

coarser hairs

40
Q

What is alopecia?

A

absence or loss of scalp hairs

41
Q

What defines the congenital condition of alopecia? the aquired condition?

A 
congenital = failure of hair follicles to form
acquired = follicles producing poor quality or no hairs
42
Q

What is hypertrichosis?

A

excessive hairiness which may be localized or diffuse

43
Q

How do sebaceous glands develop?

A

as acinar buds from the epithelial root sheaths into the surrounding dermal CT

44
Q

What are the difference between periphery buds and central buds?

A 
periphery = mitotically active
central = broken down and die to produce sebum
45
Q

Where are eccrine sweat glands located?

A

located in skin throughout the body

46
Q

Where is the secretory component of eccrine sweat glands located?

A

located deep within dermis and coils in on itself

47
Q

What do cells differentiate into in the secretory component of eccrine sweat glands?

A

secretory cells and myoepithelial cells

48
Q

What are the importance of eccrine sweat glands?

A

postnatal evaporation results in cooling effect

49
Q

What is the sweat duct or excretory component of eccrine sweat glands?

A

canalized segment of tubular bud remaining connected to surface

50
Q

Where are apocrine sweat glands located?

A

axilla, areola of nipples, pubic regions and perianal regions

51
Q

What is the secretory activity of apocrine sweat glands?

A

begins during puberty

- postnatal bacterial action contributes to pheromone activity

52
Q

What are mammary crests?

A

thickened strips of ectoderm extending from axillary to inguinal regions

53
Q

What are mammary buds?

A

pectoral epidermal invaginations of mammary crest into underlying mesenchyme

54
Q

The primary mammary buds give rise to secondary mammary buds which give rise to what?

A

lactiferous ducts

55
Q

The surrounding mesenchyme forms what in the breast region?

A

fibrous CT and fat

56
Q

What are the differences between male and female mammary glands?

A
  • females develop secretory acini and accumulate fat during puberty
  • male breats remain rudimentary throughout life (still contain lactiferous ducts but no secretory acini)
57
Q

What is gynecomastia?

A

further development of male mammary tissue (lactiferous ducts and adipose)

58
Q

What is athelia?

A

rare absence of nipple development or breast development

59
Q

What is athelia (amastia) caused by?

A

absence of mammary crest formation or mammary bud development

60
Q

What is polythelia (polymastia)?

A

an extra nipple or breast

- supranumerary nipples in men are often mistaken for moles

Human Development (BSC5314) (34 decks)

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