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Human Development (BSC5314) > Development of the Face > Flashcards

Development of the Face Flashcards

0
Q

What is derived from arch 1 in terms of face development?

A

mandibular processes and maxillary processes

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1
Q

How many frontonasal processes are there? where is it from?

A
  • single

- prosencephalic neural plate

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2
Q

What is arch 1 a source for?

A

cartilage, bone, ligaments of face

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3
Q

What do frontonasal process form?

A
  • forehead and nose
  • site of formation of optic vesicles (future eyes)
  • rostral border of stomodeum
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4
Q

What does the mandibular process form?

A

mandible, shin, lower cheek and lower lip

caudal border of stomodeum

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5
Q

What does the maxillary processes form?

A

maxilla, zygoma, part of temporal, upper cheek and upper lip

forms lateral borders of stomodeum

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6
Q

What forms as ectodermal thickenings on rostral frontonasal process?

A

nasal placodes

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7
Q

What form the horseshoe elevations around nasal placodes?

A

medial and lateral nasal prominences

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8
Q

Nasal placodes recede to form what?

A

nasal pits

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9
Q

How do medial and lateral nasal prominences grow?

A

medial nasal - toward each other

lateral nasal - start to fuse with maxillary processes

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10
Q

What forms as ectodermal thickenings on lateral frontonasal process?

A

lens placodes

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11
Q

What do lens placodes form in response to?

A

optic vesicles

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12
Q

Maxillary processes grow toward eachother towards what?

A

lateral nasal prominences

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13
Q

Where is the nasolacrimal groove located?

A

between each maxillary process and its corresponding lateral nasal prominence

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14
Q

What will the nasolacrimal duct connect?

A

lacrimal sac to inf meatus in nasal cavity

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15
Q

What surrounds the pharyngeal groove 1?

A

3 auricular hillocks

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16
Q

What do the 3 auricular hillocks begin to develop?

A

auricle around external acoustic meatus

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17
Q

Where does the auricle initially appear? Where does it go?

A

appears in cervical region, goes to eye level as face develops

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18
Q

What forms the alae of the nose?

A

lateral nasal processes fuse with corresponding maxillary processes

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19
Q

When the medial nasal processes fuse with each other and with maxillary processes, what does it form?

A

dorsal part of nose, nasal septum, ethmoid bone

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20
Q

When the mandible becomes more prominent and elongates, what does this result in?

A

ears apparently rising

21
Q

at birth, the face appears relatively small due to what?

A
  • rudimentary upper and lower jaws
  • absence of erupted teeth
  • small nasal cavities and maxillary sinuses
22
Q

What are nasal sacs?

A

deepened nasal pits

23
Q

what does the original ectoderm of nasal placode become?

A

olfactory epithelium

24
Q

What separates the nasal sacs from oral cavity temporarily?

A

oronasal membrane

25
Q

Where do nasal conchae form?

A

lateral wall of nasal cavities

26
Q

What forms from the posteroinferior growth of fused medial nasal processes?

A

nasal septum

27
Q

What begins forming as diverticula from the nasal cavities? What is the said structure important for?

A

paranasal sinuses

altering size and shape of face as well as adding resonance to voice

28
Q

What does the lens placode deepen to form?

A

lens pit and then lens vesicle

29
Q

The developing lens will separate from what?

A

surface ectoderm

30
Q

What develops from the surface ectoderm of frontonasal process?

A

cornea

31
Q

What invaginates distally to form optic cup which surround developing lens?

A

optic vesicle

32
Q

What does the internal and external layer, distal rim and proximal end of the optic cup form?

A

internal = neural layer of retina
external = pigmented layer of retina
distal rim = iris
proximal end = optic stalk

33
Q

What from the eye develops from mesenchyme?

A

choroid and sclera

34
Q

What forms the primary palate?

A

median palatal process

35
Q

What forms the median palatal process?

A

midline fusion of medial nasal processes with maxillary processes
- forms adult hard palate ant to incisive fossa

36
Q

What forms the secondary palate?

A

lateral palatal processes

37
Q

Where are the lateral palatal processes located?

A

on both sides of developing tongue

38
Q

When the lateral palatal processes transition from vertical to horizontal position, they fuse to form what?

A

median palatine raphe

39
Q

At what level does the secondary palate fuse to the primary palate?

A

incisive fossa

40
Q

Where does the secondary palate ossify and where does it remain soft?

A

ossify under nasal septum to become post hard palate

remain soft tissue post to nasal septum to form soft palate and uvula

41
Q

How common are ant cleft anomalies?

A

most common craniofacial anomalies

- 60-80% in males

42
Q

What causes a cleft lip or without cleft of alveolar part of maxilla?

A

failure of fusion between medial nasal process and maxillary process

43
Q

What does a bilateral cleft result in?

A

medial palatal process hanging free

44
Q

Posterior cleft anomalies are more common in which gender?

A

females

45
Q

What is post cleft?

A

cleft of soft and/or hard palate posterior to incisive fossa

46
Q

Post cleft is a failure of fusion of what?

A

two lateral palatal processes

- may be with the nasal septum

47
Q

How common are facial cleft anomalies?

A

extremely rare!

48
Q

What are oblique facial clefts?

A

failure of fusion of maxillary process and lateral nasal process

49
Q

What is macrostomia?

A

incomplete fusion of maxillary and mandibular processes
- extends from mouth toward ear
(large mouth)

50
Q

What is microstomia?

A

excessive fusion of maxillary and mandibular processes

small mouth

Human Development (BSC5314) (34 decks)

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