Development of the Face

Question 0

What is derived from arch 1 in terms of face development?

Answer 0

mandibular processes and maxillary processes

Question 1

How many frontonasal processes are there? where is it from?

Answer 1

• single

- prosencephalic neural plate

Question 2

What is arch 1 a source for?

Answer 2

cartilage, bone, ligaments of face

Question 3

What do frontonasal process form?

Answer 3

• forehead and nose
• site of formation of optic vesicles (future eyes)
• rostral border of stomodeum

Question 4

What does the mandibular process form?

Answer 4

mandible, shin, lower cheek and lower lip

caudal border of stomodeum

Question 5

What does the maxillary processes form?

Answer 5

maxilla, zygoma, part of temporal, upper cheek and upper lip

forms lateral borders of stomodeum

Question 6

What forms as ectodermal thickenings on rostral frontonasal process?

Answer 6

nasal placodes

Question 7

What form the horseshoe elevations around nasal placodes?

Answer 7

medial and lateral nasal prominences

Question 8

Nasal placodes recede to form what?

Answer 8

nasal pits

Question 9

How do medial and lateral nasal prominences grow?

Answer 9

medial nasal - toward each other

lateral nasal - start to fuse with maxillary processes

Question 10

What forms as ectodermal thickenings on lateral frontonasal process?

Answer 10

lens placodes

Question 11

What do lens placodes form in response to?

Answer 11

optic vesicles

Question 12

Maxillary processes grow toward eachother towards what?

Answer 12

lateral nasal prominences

Question 13

Where is the nasolacrimal groove located?

Answer 13

between each maxillary process and its corresponding lateral nasal prominence

Question 14

What will the nasolacrimal duct connect?

Answer 14

lacrimal sac to inf meatus in nasal cavity

Question 15

What surrounds the pharyngeal groove 1?

Answer 15

3 auricular hillocks

Question 16

What do the 3 auricular hillocks begin to develop?

Answer 16

auricle around external acoustic meatus

Question 17

Where does the auricle initially appear? Where does it go?

Answer 17

appears in cervical region, goes to eye level as face develops

Question 18

What forms the alae of the nose?

Answer 18

lateral nasal processes fuse with corresponding maxillary processes

Question 19

When the medial nasal processes fuse with each other and with maxillary processes, what does it form?

Answer 19

dorsal part of nose, nasal septum, ethmoid bone

Question 20

When the mandible becomes more prominent and elongates, what does this result in?

Answer 20

ears apparently rising

Question 21

at birth, the face appears relatively small due to what?

Answer 21

• rudimentary upper and lower jaws
• absence of erupted teeth
• small nasal cavities and maxillary sinuses

Question 22

What are nasal sacs?

Answer 22

deepened nasal pits

Question 23

what does the original ectoderm of nasal placode become?

Answer 23

olfactory epithelium

Question 24

What separates the nasal sacs from oral cavity temporarily?

Answer 24

oronasal membrane

Question 25

Where do nasal conchae form?

Answer 25

lateral wall of nasal cavities

Question 26

What forms from the posteroinferior growth of fused medial nasal processes?

Answer 26

nasal septum

Question 27

What begins forming as diverticula from the nasal cavities? What is the said structure important for?

Answer 27

paranasal sinuses | altering size and shape of face as well as adding resonance to voice

Question 28

What does the lens placode deepen to form?

Answer 28

lens pit and then lens vesicle

Question 29

The developing lens will separate from what?

Answer 29

surface ectoderm

Question 30

What develops from the surface ectoderm of frontonasal process?

Answer 30

cornea

Question 31

What invaginates distally to form optic cup which surround developing lens?

Answer 31

optic vesicle

Question 32

What does the internal and external layer, distal rim and proximal end of the optic cup form?

Answer 32

internal = neural layer of retina external = pigmented layer of retina distal rim = iris proximal end = optic stalk

Question 33

What from the eye develops from mesenchyme?

Answer 33

choroid and sclera

Question 34

What forms the primary palate?

Answer 34

median palatal process

Question 35

What forms the median palatal process?

Answer 35

midline fusion of medial nasal processes with maxillary processes - forms adult hard palate ant to incisive fossa

Question 36

What forms the secondary palate?

Answer 36

lateral palatal processes

Question 37

Where are the lateral palatal processes located?

Answer 37

on both sides of developing tongue

Question 38

When the lateral palatal processes transition from vertical to horizontal position, they fuse to form what?

Answer 38

median palatine raphe

Question 39

At what level does the secondary palate fuse to the primary palate?

Answer 39

incisive fossa

Question 40

Where does the secondary palate ossify and where does it remain soft?

Answer 40

ossify under nasal septum to become post hard palate | remain soft tissue post to nasal septum to form soft palate and uvula

Question 41

How common are ant cleft anomalies?

Answer 41

most common craniofacial anomalies | - 60-80% in males

Question 42

What causes a cleft lip or without cleft of alveolar part of maxilla?

Answer 42

failure of fusion between medial nasal process and maxillary process

Question 43

What does a bilateral cleft result in?

Answer 43

medial palatal process hanging free

Question 44

Posterior cleft anomalies are more common in which gender?

Answer 44

females

Question 45

What is post cleft?

Answer 45

cleft of soft and/or hard palate posterior to incisive fossa

Question 46

Post cleft is a failure of fusion of what?

Answer 46

two lateral palatal processes | - may be with the nasal septum

Question 47

How common are facial cleft anomalies?

Answer 47

extremely rare!

Question 48

What are oblique facial clefts?

Answer 48

failure of fusion of maxillary process and lateral nasal process

Question 49

What is macrostomia?

Answer 49

incomplete fusion of maxillary and mandibular processes - extends from mouth toward ear (large mouth)

Question 50

What is microstomia?

Answer 50

excessive fusion of maxillary and mandibular processes | small mouth