Week 4 COPD Flashcards
Etiology of COPD?
Caused mainly by cigarette smoking.
Pathophysiology of COPD?
Progressive airflow limitation and lung inflammation.
Clinical manifestations of COPD?
Chronic cough, sputum, dyspnea, reduced exercise tolerance.
Effect of smoking on lungs?
Causes inflammation and airflow limitation.
Collaborative care for COPD?
Smoking cessation, medication, rehabilitation, education.
Nursing management of COPD?
Assess respiratory status, administer medications, educate.
Define COPD.
A preventable disease with irreversible airflow limitation.
Characteristics of COPD?
Features of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Define emphysema.
Alveolar destruction.
Define chronic bronchitis.
Chronic productive cough for 3+ months over 2 years.
Common symptoms of COPD?
Dyspnea, shortness of breath, activity limitations.
Primary cause of COPD in Canada?
Cigarette smoking (80-90% of cases).
Environmental factors for COPD?
Exposure to chemicals, dust, vapors.
Role of respiratory infections in COPD?
Recurring infections contribute to COPD.
Genetic factor in COPD?
α 1 - Antitrypsin deficiency.
Pathophysiology related to alveoli?
Alveolar destruction and impaired gas exchange.
Clinical features of COPD?
Chronic cough, dyspnea, barrel chest.
Smoking history and COPD symptoms?
Linked to COPD symptom development.
Significance of tripod posture?
Facilitates breathing using accessory muscles.
Late-stage symptoms of COPD?
Anorexia and weight loss.
Auscultation findings in COPD?
Prolonged expiration, wheezes, diminished sounds.
Pursed-lip breathing benefits?
Keeps airways open, improves ventilation.
Physical appearance of advanced COPD?
Barrel chest, dusky skin color.
Accessory muscles in COPD?
Indicate increased breathing effort.
Common respiratory symptom worsening in COPD?
Progressively worsening dyspnea.
Complications of COPD?
Cor pulmonale, acute exacerbations.
Define cor pulmonale in COPD.
Right heart hypertrophy due to pulmonary pressure increase.
Chronic hypoxia and cor pulmonale?
Leads to pulmonary hypertension and right heart hypertrophy.
Prognosis for cor pulmonale?
Poor prognosis as a late COPD manifestation.
Pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale?
Hypertension leads to right heart hypertrophy.
Psychological complications of COPD?
Includes depression and anxiety.
What are AECOPD?
Sudden worsening of COPD symptoms.
Physiological changes leading to complications?
Chronic hypoxia leads to pulmonary hypertension.
Clinical assessment components for COPD?
History, physical exam, PFTs, imaging, blood tests.
Age impact on COPD management?
Older adults face more comorbidities.
SpO2 goals for oxygen therapy?
Typical goals are 88-92%.
Implications of COPD prevalence in Indigenous populations?
Prevalence is about twice that of the general population.
Challenges for older adults with COPD?
Comorbidities, immobility, compliance issues.
Diagnostic imaging for COPD comorbidities?
Chest x-ray or CT scan.
Exercise testing benefits?
Assesses oxygen levels during activity.
Importance of emotional support?
Crucial for treatment compliance.
Function of SABA?
Quick relief from asthma or COPD symptoms.
Define LAMA?
Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonist for COPD.
Benefits of combination inhalers?
Enhances symptom control, reduces exacerbations.
Function of Onbrez Breezhaler?
Long-acting beta2-agonist for breathing.
Role of PDE-4 inhibitors?
Reduces inflammation in severe COPD.
LABA vs SABA duration?
LABA lasts 12-24 hours; SABA lasts 4-6 hours.
Function of Duaklir Genuair?
Combines LAMA and LABA for bronchodilation.
Purpose of nebulizer?
Delivers medication directly to lungs.
Significance of Advair Diskus approval?
Effective for managing COPD symptoms.
Duration of action for Breo Ellipta?
24 hours.
Active ingredient in Bricanyl?
Terbutaline sulphate for quick relief.
Function of Seebri Breezhaler?
LAMA for COPD maintenance.
How does Symbicort work?
Combines corticosteroid and LABA for bronchodilation.
Role of methylxanthines?
Relaxes airways in asthma and COPD.
Company manufacturing Anoro Ellipta?
GSK (GlaxoSmithKline).
Importance of inhaler dosage?
Ensures effective treatment.
Duration of action for Combivent?
4-6 hours.
Describe Incruse Ellipta?
LAMA for once-daily COPD maintenance.
Key components of Combivent?
Combination of ipratropium and salbutamol.
Mr. Parker’s COPD impact?
Breathlessness limits daily activities.
Mr. Parker’s symptoms?
Breathlessness, yellow sputum, intermittent wheezing.
Mr. Parker’s smoking significance?
10 cigarettes/day is a risk factor.
Mr. Parker’s exacerbations?
Three exacerbations in the past year.
Treatments for Mr. Parker’s exacerbations?
Managed with antibiotics, steroids, salbutamol.
Mr. Parker’s emotional response?
Anxiety about leaving home due to breathlessness.
Mr. Parker’s age and status?
60-year-old widowed man.
Mr. Parker’s main complaint?
Breathlessness after moderate exertion.
Mr. Parker’s sputum?
Yellow sputum, most noticeable in mornings.
Mr. Parker’s examination findings?
BMI 22, elevated respiratory rate, accessory muscle use.
Management of Mr. Parker’s AECOPD?
Includes oxygen, Prednisolone, Levofloxacin, inhalers.
Priority nursing diagnosis for Mr. Parker?
Impaired gas exchange due to AECOPD.
Nursing care plan components?
Assessment, medication administration, monitoring, education.
Mr. Parker’s medication regimen?
Includes Prednisolone, Levofloxacin, inhalers.
Patient teaching for Mr. Parker?
Importance of medication adherence and recognizing exacerbation signs.
Evaluating treatment effectiveness?
Monitor respiratory status and symptom improvement.
Primary goals of COPD care?
Prevent progression, reduce exacerbations, improve quality of life.
Possible nursing diagnoses for COPD?
Ineffective breathing pattern, ineffective airway clearance.
Body position effects in COPD?
Can inhibit lung expansion and lead to fatigue.
Define ineffective breathing pattern?
Inadequate breathing for oxygenation needs.
Symptoms of ineffective airway clearance?
Wheezing, coughing, difficulty expectorating.
Nursing interventions for exercise tolerance?
Develop exercise programs, educate on energy conservation.
Significance of smoking cessation?
Prevents disease progression, improves health.
Role of exacerbations in COPD management?
Increased morbidity and mortality risk.
Assessing COPD treatment effectiveness?
Monitor symptoms, exacerbation frequency, PFTs.
Nursing diagnosis for ineffective airway clearance?
Related to excessive mucus and ineffective cough.
Identifying impaired gas exchange?
Alveolar hypoventilation evidenced by low oxygen levels.
Nursing diagnosis for imbalanced nutrition?
Related to insufficient dietary intake.
Factors for disturbed sleep pattern?
Nonrestorative sleep due to dyspnea.
Risk factors for infection in COPD?
Insufficient knowledge, smoking, malnutrition.
Components of collaborative therapy?
Includes airway clearance, hydration, medication adherence.
Physiological effects of nicotine?
Increases blood pressure, heart rate, stimulates CNS.
Define Nicotine Replacement Therapy?
Treatment to help quit smoking by providing nicotine.
Significance of smoking cessation?
Most effective intervention for health outcomes.
Collaborative approach to smoking cessation?
Includes screening, medication, support systems.
Effects of nicotine on CNS?
Stimulates CNS, increasing alertness.
Techniques in pulmonary rehabilitation?
Breathing exercises, medication education.
Role of vaccines in respiratory health?
Prevent respiratory infections.
Surgical considerations for severe respiratory conditions?
May include lung transplantation.
Adequate hydration for respiratory health?
Maintains mucus clearance and lung function.
