Week 3 Skin FITB Flashcards
The purpose of the integumentary system includes protection, sensation, and ____ regulation.
temperature
Common diagnostic tools related to the integumentary system include ____ and ____ assessments.
visual, tactile
The inflammatory response involves vascular and ____ changes in the body.
cellular
Different types of exudate can indicate the nature of a wound, such as ____ and ____ exudate.
serous, purulent
Pressure injuries are classified into stages based on the ____ and ____ of tissue damage.
depth, extent
Local and systemic clinical manifestations of inflammation can include ____ and ____ symptoms.
pain, fever
The structures of the skin include the epidermis, dermis, and ____ tissue.
subcutaneous
The purpose of the integumentary system also includes the synthesis of ____ and ____.
vitamin D, protection against UV radiation
Subcutaneous tissue, also known as ____ , attaches skin to ____ and bone.
hypodermis, muscle
The integumentary system protects underlying tissues from the ____ and provides protection against ____ and excessive water loss.
environment, bacteria
Fat within the subcutaneous layer helps with ____ and protects from ____.
insulation, trauma
The integumentary system helps synthesize ____ and melanin screens and absorbs ____ light.
vitamin D, ultraviolet
The functions of the integumentary system include temperature regulation and secretion of ____ and ____.
sebum, sweat
The epidermis regenerates approximately every ____ days and contains ____ and keratinocytes.
28, melanocytes
The dermis is highly ____ and contains connective tissue that provides ____ to the skin.
vascular, strength
A history of ____ and ____ can explain alterations in skin colour.
trauma, surgery
Conditions like ____ and ____ can lead to skin colour changes such as jaundice.
liver disease, diabetes mellitus
Cyanosis is often associated with ____ while pallor can indicate ____.
COPD, anemia
Medications for ____ or ____ can affect skin appearance.
acne, rashes
When assessing skin, it is important to inspect for ____ and ____.
lesions, changes in colour
During a skin examination, you should also palpate the ____ and ____.
skin, hair
The mole assessment includes checking for ____ and ____ in the mole’s appearance.
asymmetry, border
In mole assessment, the colour, diameter, and ____ of the mole are also important.
evolution
Allergies to ____ and the use of new ____ can impact skin health.
pets, cleaning agents
Common benign neoplasms in older adults are known as _____ and are also referred to as seborrheic keratoses.
barnacles
With aging, there is a decrease in the number of _____, leading to grey and white hair.
melanocytes
Older adults may experience brittle nails that are prone to _____ and yellowing.
splitting
Cultural considerations in skin health include variations in skin _____ and hair texture.
pigmentation
Dark pigmentation provides a genetic advantage by resulting in a lower incidence of _____ cancer.
skin
Environmental adaptations can affect the function of sweat _____ in different populations.
glands
Recognition of unique clinical manifestations of disease is important due to variations in skin _____ and hormonal effects.
pigmentation
Older adults may be at risk for _____ due to decreased skin turgor and other age-related changes.
hypothermia
Patch testing is used for evaluating response to different _____ and is typically associated with _____ malignancy.
allergens, suspected
Biopsy is performed to identify the _____ substance and can include tests like _____ and sensitivity.
causative, culture
Microscopic tests often utilize _____ light to detect certain substances that can _____ under specific conditions.
black, fluoresce
Woods Lamp is used to identify conditions such as _____ infections, _____, and scabies.
fungal, head lice
Post-op care is essential after procedures like _____ and _____ testing to ensure patient recovery.
biopsy, patch
The first line of defence includes ____ and ____ cells.
Epithelial, Skin
The second line of defence involves ____ and ____ responses.
Inflammatory, Immune
During the inflammatory phase, the body undergoes ____ and ____ inflammation.
hemostasis, acute
In the proliferative phase, ____ tissue is formed and ____ occurs.
granular, epithelialization
Pathogens can be expelled from the body through ____ and ____ processes.
coughing, sneezing
Inflammation can be triggered by ____ and ____ responses.
infection, trauma
The maturation/remodeling phase involves the formation of ____ tissue.
scar
Epithelial cells are found in the ____ tract, ____ tract, and ____ tract.
respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary
Dead skin cells help to slough off ____ from the body.
pathogens
The inflammatory phase involves ____ cells that activate the inflammatory response and are located in the ____ and GI tract.
Mast, skin
Histamines are responsible for ____ and smooth muscle ____ during the inflammatory response.
vasodilation, constriction
Antihistamines are important to decrease the ____ response by counteracting the effects of ____ during inflammation.
inflammatory, histamines
The phagocytic system’s role is to eliminate ____ and foreign debris by recognizing, attaching, engulfing, and ____ them.
pathogens, destroying
Local manifestations of inflammation include ____ from vasodilation, increased ____ at the inflammatory site, and pain from nerve stimulation.
redness, metabolism
Swelling during inflammation is caused by fluid shift to the ____ space and accumulation of fluid ____ from the inflammatory response.
interstitial, exudate
In mild inflammation, exudate is typically ____ and can be seen in conditions like ____ and ____.
serous, abrasions, rashes
Severe inflammation often results in exudate that is ____ and may contain ____ or ____ exudate.
thicker, pus, hemorrhagic
Hemorrhagic exudate is commonly associated with serious injuries such as ____ and ____.
burns, severe trauma
Examples of conditions that produce serous exudate include ____, ____, and ____.
blisters, abrasions, rashes
Pneumonia is an example of a condition that typically produces ____ exudate during ____ inflammation.
thicker, severe
During wound healing, complications can include ____ and ____.
adhesions, contractures
Two common complications of wound healing are ____ and ____.
dehiscence, evisceration
Nursing management of inflammation and healing includes cleaning the wound and controlling ____, as well as treating ____.
inflammation, infection
Two methods used in wound management are ____ and ____.
negative-pressure wound therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy
Complications such as ____ and ____ can significantly affect the healing process of a wound.
hemorrhage, infection
Excess granulation tissue can be a complication of wound healing, along with ____ and ____.
fistula formation, adhesions
Effective wound management includes wound cleaning, controlling inflammation, and providing ____ balance.
moisture
Pressure injuries can be caused by ____ and ____, which can lead to skin damage.
Pressure, Friction
The clinical features of pressure injuries include ____ age and ____ status.
Advanced, Nutrition
Nursing assessment for pressure injuries should occur on admission, every shift, and on an ____ basis.
Ongoing
The Braden scale is used for assessing ____ and ____ in patients at risk for pressure injuries.
Skin integrity, Risk
Common sites for pressure injuries include areas with ____ and ____ tissue.
Skin, Soft
Nursing management for pressure injuries includes repositioning, documentation, and ____ care.
Wound
Risk factors for pressure injuries include advanced age, comorbidities, and ____ status.
Incontinence
A suspected deep tissue injury in pressure ulcers is classified as ____ and is characterized by ____.
Suspected Deep Tissue Injury, skin discoloration or intact skin with a localized area of persistent non-blanchable redness.
In the staging of pressure injuries, Stage I is defined by ____ and involves ____.
non-blanchable redness, intact skin.
Stage II pressure injuries are characterized by ____ and may involve ____.
partial thickness loss of skin, blistering or a shallow open ulcer.
Stage III pressure injuries involve ____ and can extend into ____.
full thickness tissue loss, subcutaneous fat.
The most severe classification of pressure injuries is Stage IV, which includes ____ and may involve ____.
full thickness tissue loss, muscle, bone, or supporting structures.
The mechanism of action for acetaminophen involves inhibiting ____ synthesis and mediating ____ and fever.
prostaglandin, pain
Vitamin D regulates the absorption and utilization of ____ and ____ in the body.
calcium, phosphorus
The onset of acetaminophen when taken orally is approximately ____ to ____ minutes.
30, 60
Antibiotics are used to treat ____ infections and ideally, the suspected areas of infection should be ____ to identify the causative organism.
bacterial, cultured
The selection of antimicrobial is based on assessment, pharmacologic and clinical judgement, and ____ identification.
microbiological
Empiric therapy is the treatment of an infection before specific ____ information has been reported or obtained, while targeted therapy is tailored to treat ____ identified with cultures.
culture, organisms
Penicillin G & V inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to the active site of penicillin-binding protein, leading to ____ of bacteria cells due to cell lysis.
death
Prophylactic therapy involves the use of antibiotics to prevent an infection, such as in ____ surgery or after ____.
intra-abdominal, trauma
The side effects of antibiotics can include interactions with NSAIDs, oral contraceptives, and ____; these should be considered during therapy.
warfarin
Impetigo is commonly associated with ____ and ____ hygiene practices.
seasons, poor
Folliculitis is often related to ____ and ____ factors.
shaving, heat
Cellulitis involves the ____ tissue and is commonly caused by ____ or ____ bacteria.
subcutaneous, staph, strep
Severe itching from scabies is especially noticeable at ____ and may include ____ tracks.
night, burrowing
Treatment for scabies includes topical ____ and addressing potential ____ infections.
5% permethrin, secondary
Common symptoms of cellulitis include ____ and ____ in the affected area.
erythema, tenderness
Impetigo lesions often appear as honey-colored ____ and can cause ____.
crusts, pruritus
Folliculitis can be treated with local or systemic ____ depending on the ____ of the condition.
antibiotics, severity
Scabies is caused by the mite ____ and is transmitted through ____ contact.
Sarcoptes scabies, direct
For treating scabies, it is important to also treat ____ and ensure hygiene of ____ and surfaces.
cohabitants, clothing
Bed bugs can cause ____ and may require treatment with ____ for relief.
pruritis, antihistamines
The pharmacological class of diphenhydramine is ____ and its therapeutic class includes ____.
Histamine (H1) receptor antagonist, allergy, cold and cough
Diphenhydramine works by antagonizing ____ receptor sites to decrease symptoms of ____.
H1, excess histamine
Nursing considerations for diphenhydramine include assessing for ____ and being cautious with ____ and ____ depressants.
allergic response, alcohol, CNS
When assessing a client with chronic leg wounds, the nurse finds new signs of _____ and _____ at the wound site.
erythema, pain
To assess the client’s systemic response, the nurse might anticipate orders for a _____, _____, and culture testing.
serum protein analysis, CBC count
In managing a febrile client, the nurse should consider using a _____ while administering _____ around-the-clock.
cooling blanket, antipyretics
To prevent chills in a febrile client, the nurse should administer prescribed _____ and provide a _____ blanket.
antibiotics, warm
If a client has a temperature of 39.8 C, the most effective intervention to restore normal body temperature would be _____ and _____ .
administering antipyretics, providing increased fluids
In wound care, the process of removing dead tissue is known as ____, while the healing of tissues involves ____.
debridement, remodeling of tissues
When treating a pressure injury, the nurse uses moist gauze dressings and anticipates the process of ____ and ____ to promote healing.
regeneration of cells, remodeling of tissues
The nurse must understand the difference between ____ and ____ when addressing a client’s healing process after a pressure injury.
tertiary intention, secondary intention
In the context of wound healing, ____ refers to the body’s ability to replace damaged cells, while ____ involves the restructuring of existing tissues.
regeneration of cells, remodeling of tissues
A nurse caring for a client with a pressure injury should be familiar with the terms ____ and ____ as they relate to the healing process.
secondary intention, tertiary intention
