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Theory > Week 3 Lungs FITB > Flashcards

Week 3 Lungs FITB Flashcards

1
Q

The primary functions of the respiratory system include ____ and ____.

A

gas exchange, ventilation

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2
Q

The physiological process of respiration involves the exchange of ____ and ____ in the lungs.

A

carbon dioxide, oxygen

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3
Q

The control of respiration is influenced by factors such as ____ and ____.

A

carbon dioxide levels, oxygen levels

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4
Q

Respiratory defense mechanisms include ____ and ____.

A

mucociliary clearance, coughing

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5
Q

As people age, changes in the respiratory system can lead to decreased ____ and increased ____.

A

lung capacity, susceptibility to infections

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6
Q

Assessment of the respiratory system includes both ____ and ____ evaluations.

A

objective, subjective

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7
Q

Clinical manifestations of influenza may include ____ and ____.

A

fever, cough

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8
Q

The primary goal of care for pneumonia is to improve ____ and reduce ____.

A

oxygenation, symptoms

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9
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by ____ and ____.

A

airflow limitation, breathing difficulties

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10
Q

Nicotine replacement therapy aims to reduce withdrawal symptoms by providing ____ and ____.

A

nicotine, alternative methods

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11
Q

The anatomy of the respiratory system includes the ____ view and the ____ view.

A

posterior, anterior

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12
Q

In the physiology of respiration, ____ refers to the process of breathing in, while ____ refers to the process of breathing out.

A

inhalation, exhalation

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13
Q

Ventilation is different from oxygenation because it involves ____ while oxygenation involves ____ in the blood.

A

air movement, oxygen transfer

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14
Q

During respiration, diffusion occurs between the ____ side and the ____ side.

A

capillary, alveoli

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15
Q

The respiratory system’s anatomy is crucial for understanding both ____ and ____.

A

ventilation, oxygenation

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16
Q

Chemoreceptors respond to changes in the ____ composition of the fluid around it, while mechanoreceptors are located in the ____ and diaphragm.

A

chemical, lungs

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17
Q

The first line of defense in the respiratory system is the ____ reflex, which helps to protect against irritants, and the second is ____ clearance system.

A

cough, mucociliary

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18
Q

Filtration of air is achieved through ____ hairs, while alveolar macrophages protect the lungs from ____ and pollutants.

A

nasal, microorganisms

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19
Q

Bronchoconstriction is a response that helps to protect the lungs from ____ and ____ particles.

A

microorganisms, inhaled

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20
Q

The control of respiration involves mechanoreceptors located in the ____ airway and chest wall, responding to ____ or irritants.

A

upper, stretch

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21
Q

The assessment of the respiratory system includes ____ , ____ , percussion, and auscultation.

A

inspection, palpation

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22
Q

Key factors affecting respiratory function include ____ , ____ , and ciliary function.

A

chest recoil, chest wall compliance

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23
Q

Subjective data for respiratory assessment includes ____ , ____ , and current health history.

A

important health information, past health history

24
Q

Responses to ____ and ____ are important for evaluating respiratory function.

A

hypoxemia, hypercapnia

25
Q

The forcefulness of cough and the presence of ____ are critical in respiratory assessments.

A

alveolar macrophages

26
Q

Functional changes in the respiratory system can include alterations in ____ , ____ , and cell-mediated immunity.

A

functional alveoli, chest wall compliance

27
Q

In respiratory assessments, medications and ____ are part of the subjective data collection.

A

surgery or other treatments

28
Q

The lifespan and intersectionality considerations in respiratory health include ____ , ____ , and health history.

A

subjective data, past health history

29
Q

The respiratory system can be assessed using various diagnostic imaging studies such as ____ and ____.

A

chest radiograph, CT scan

30
Q

In the context of lung sounds, ____ refers to high-pitched sounds during expiration, while ____ is a low-pitched sound often heard during inspiration.

A

wheezing, stridor

31
Q

The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve illustrates the relationship between ____ and ____ in the blood.

A

oxygen, hemoglobin

32
Q

Common diagnostic imaging studies for the respiratory system include ____ and ____.

A

MRI, VQ scan

33
Q

Adventitious lung sounds can be assessed through ____ and ____ techniques.

A

auscultation, inspection

34
Q

A pulmonary angiography is a type of diagnostic imaging that focuses on the ____ and ____ of the lungs.

A

blood vessels, circulation

35
Q

The process of ____ involves the transfer of oxygen from the alveoli to the blood, while ____ refers to the release of oxygen from hemoglobin.

A

diffusion, dissociation

36
Q

In respiratory diagnostics, a ____ scan is used to evaluate both ventilation and perfusion, while a ____ scan is used for metabolic activity.

A

VQ, PET

37
Q

In blood studies for the respiratory system, hemoglobin (Hb) and _____ are important indicators of oxygen levels.

A

Hematocrit (Hct)

38
Q

Sputum studies include culture & sensitivity and _____ to identify bacterial infections in the lungs.

A

Gram Stain

39
Q

The tuberculin skin test, also known as _____, is used to detect exposure to tuberculosis.

A

Mantoux

40
Q

Chest radiographs are used to assess if the lungs are _____ and to identify any _____ present.

A

inflated properly, abnormalities

41
Q

In diagnostic imaging studies, a chest x-ray can help determine if the lungs are _____ and if there are any _____ present.

A

clear, lesions

42
Q

Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) testing is part of sputum studies and is crucial for diagnosing _____ infections.

A

tuberculosis

43
Q

Normal findings in a chest x-ray include clear lungs and _____, while abnormal findings may indicate _____ or fluid.

A

no lesions, infection

44
Q

To correlate findings from a chest x-ray clinically, one must consider the patient’s _____ and _____ history.

A

symptoms, medical

45
Q

In respiratory diagnostic studies, bronchoscopy and mediastinoscopy are used for ____ and ____.

A

biopsy, thoracentesis

46
Q

Pulmonary function tests are used to measure ____ and ____ efficiency.

A

inspiratory, expiratory

47
Q

The nurse’s role in diagnostic studies includes assisting with ____ and ____ procedures.

A

bronchoscopy, thoracentesis

48
Q

Pulmonary function tests can help diagnose diseases like ____ and ____.

A

asthma, COPD

49
Q

To evaluate response to medications, pulmonary function tests are often used in patients with ____ and ____.

A

cystic fibrosis, asthma

50
Q

In respiratory diagnostics, we correlate findings clinically by assessing ____ and ____ of the patient.

A

symptoms, medical history

51
Q

The purpose of thoracentesis in respiratory studies is to obtain ____ and ____ from the pleural space.

A

fluid, tissue samples

52
Q

Surfactant plays a crucial role in the pulmonary system by ____ the surface tension of the alveoli and ____ pressure in the chest cavity.

A

reducing, decreasing

53
Q

During inspiration, air enters the thoracic cavity due to ____ intrathoracic pressure and ____ stimulation of respiratory muscles by chemoreceptors.

A

decreased, increased

54
Q

The function of surfactant in the lungs includes providing an ____ medium and ____ smooth muscle relaxation.

A

antibacterial, promoting

55
Q

Air enters the thoracic cavity when there is a decrease in ____ pressure relative to the pressure at the ____ during inspiration.

A

intrathoracic, airway

56
Q

The most important respiratory defense mechanism distal to the respiratory bronchioles is the ____ and ____.

A

Alveolar macrophage, Reflex bronchoconstriction

57
Q

To remove pleural fluid for analysis, the procedure performed is called ____ and ____.

A

Thoracentesis, Bronchoscopy

Theory (18 decks)

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