Week 3 Lungs FITB Flashcards
The primary functions of the respiratory system include ____ and ____.
gas exchange, ventilation
The physiological process of respiration involves the exchange of ____ and ____ in the lungs.
carbon dioxide, oxygen
The control of respiration is influenced by factors such as ____ and ____.
carbon dioxide levels, oxygen levels
Respiratory defense mechanisms include ____ and ____.
mucociliary clearance, coughing
As people age, changes in the respiratory system can lead to decreased ____ and increased ____.
lung capacity, susceptibility to infections
Assessment of the respiratory system includes both ____ and ____ evaluations.
objective, subjective
Clinical manifestations of influenza may include ____ and ____.
fever, cough
The primary goal of care for pneumonia is to improve ____ and reduce ____.
oxygenation, symptoms
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by ____ and ____.
airflow limitation, breathing difficulties
Nicotine replacement therapy aims to reduce withdrawal symptoms by providing ____ and ____.
nicotine, alternative methods
The anatomy of the respiratory system includes the ____ view and the ____ view.
posterior, anterior
In the physiology of respiration, ____ refers to the process of breathing in, while ____ refers to the process of breathing out.
inhalation, exhalation
Ventilation is different from oxygenation because it involves ____ while oxygenation involves ____ in the blood.
air movement, oxygen transfer
During respiration, diffusion occurs between the ____ side and the ____ side.
capillary, alveoli
The respiratory system’s anatomy is crucial for understanding both ____ and ____.
ventilation, oxygenation
Chemoreceptors respond to changes in the ____ composition of the fluid around it, while mechanoreceptors are located in the ____ and diaphragm.
chemical, lungs
The first line of defense in the respiratory system is the ____ reflex, which helps to protect against irritants, and the second is ____ clearance system.
cough, mucociliary
Filtration of air is achieved through ____ hairs, while alveolar macrophages protect the lungs from ____ and pollutants.
nasal, microorganisms
Bronchoconstriction is a response that helps to protect the lungs from ____ and ____ particles.
microorganisms, inhaled
The control of respiration involves mechanoreceptors located in the ____ airway and chest wall, responding to ____ or irritants.
upper, stretch
The assessment of the respiratory system includes ____ , ____ , percussion, and auscultation.
inspection, palpation
Key factors affecting respiratory function include ____ , ____ , and ciliary function.
chest recoil, chest wall compliance
Subjective data for respiratory assessment includes ____ , ____ , and current health history.
important health information, past health history
Responses to ____ and ____ are important for evaluating respiratory function.
hypoxemia, hypercapnia
The forcefulness of cough and the presence of ____ are critical in respiratory assessments.
alveolar macrophages
Functional changes in the respiratory system can include alterations in ____ , ____ , and cell-mediated immunity.
functional alveoli, chest wall compliance
In respiratory assessments, medications and ____ are part of the subjective data collection.
surgery or other treatments
The lifespan and intersectionality considerations in respiratory health include ____ , ____ , and health history.
subjective data, past health history
The respiratory system can be assessed using various diagnostic imaging studies such as ____ and ____.
chest radiograph, CT scan
In the context of lung sounds, ____ refers to high-pitched sounds during expiration, while ____ is a low-pitched sound often heard during inspiration.
wheezing, stridor
The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve illustrates the relationship between ____ and ____ in the blood.
oxygen, hemoglobin
Common diagnostic imaging studies for the respiratory system include ____ and ____.
MRI, VQ scan
Adventitious lung sounds can be assessed through ____ and ____ techniques.
auscultation, inspection
A pulmonary angiography is a type of diagnostic imaging that focuses on the ____ and ____ of the lungs.
blood vessels, circulation
The process of ____ involves the transfer of oxygen from the alveoli to the blood, while ____ refers to the release of oxygen from hemoglobin.
diffusion, dissociation
In respiratory diagnostics, a ____ scan is used to evaluate both ventilation and perfusion, while a ____ scan is used for metabolic activity.
VQ, PET
In blood studies for the respiratory system, hemoglobin (Hb) and _____ are important indicators of oxygen levels.
Hematocrit (Hct)
Sputum studies include culture & sensitivity and _____ to identify bacterial infections in the lungs.
Gram Stain
The tuberculin skin test, also known as _____, is used to detect exposure to tuberculosis.
Mantoux
Chest radiographs are used to assess if the lungs are _____ and to identify any _____ present.
inflated properly, abnormalities
In diagnostic imaging studies, a chest x-ray can help determine if the lungs are _____ and if there are any _____ present.
clear, lesions
Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) testing is part of sputum studies and is crucial for diagnosing _____ infections.
tuberculosis
Normal findings in a chest x-ray include clear lungs and _____, while abnormal findings may indicate _____ or fluid.
no lesions, infection
To correlate findings from a chest x-ray clinically, one must consider the patient’s _____ and _____ history.
symptoms, medical
In respiratory diagnostic studies, bronchoscopy and mediastinoscopy are used for ____ and ____.
biopsy, thoracentesis
Pulmonary function tests are used to measure ____ and ____ efficiency.
inspiratory, expiratory
The nurse’s role in diagnostic studies includes assisting with ____ and ____ procedures.
bronchoscopy, thoracentesis
Pulmonary function tests can help diagnose diseases like ____ and ____.
asthma, COPD
To evaluate response to medications, pulmonary function tests are often used in patients with ____ and ____.
cystic fibrosis, asthma
In respiratory diagnostics, we correlate findings clinically by assessing ____ and ____ of the patient.
symptoms, medical history
The purpose of thoracentesis in respiratory studies is to obtain ____ and ____ from the pleural space.
fluid, tissue samples
Surfactant plays a crucial role in the pulmonary system by ____ the surface tension of the alveoli and ____ pressure in the chest cavity.
reducing, decreasing
During inspiration, air enters the thoracic cavity due to ____ intrathoracic pressure and ____ stimulation of respiratory muscles by chemoreceptors.
decreased, increased
The function of surfactant in the lungs includes providing an ____ medium and ____ smooth muscle relaxation.
antibacterial, promoting
Air enters the thoracic cavity when there is a decrease in ____ pressure relative to the pressure at the ____ during inspiration.
intrathoracic, airway
The most important respiratory defense mechanism distal to the respiratory bronchioles is the ____ and ____.
Alveolar macrophage, Reflex bronchoconstriction
To remove pleural fluid for analysis, the procedure performed is called ____ and ____.
Thoracentesis, Bronchoscopy
