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Social Psychology > Week 4: Chapter 4 + 7 > Flashcards

Week 4: Chapter 4 + 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

________: A favourable or unfavourable evaluative reaction towards something or someone

A

attitude

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2
Q

Social psychologists measure ___________ attitudes

A

expressed

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3
Q

_____________ _____________ test: uses reaction times to measure how quickly people associate concepts

A

Implicit association test

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4
Q

Principle of _____________ : the effects of an attitude become more apparent when we look at a person’s aggregate or average behaviour than when we consider isolated acts

A

aggregation

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5
Q

attitude predicts behaviour better when the _______ is potent

A

attitude

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6
Q

Making people ____-_______ promotes consistency between words and deeds

A

self-aware

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7
Q

Our social ____ can affect our attitudes and behaviours

A

role

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8
Q

The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request is known as what?

A

The foot in the door phenomenon

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9
Q

Actions and ___________ feed each other, even to the point of moral numbness

A

attitudes

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10
Q

Moral actions affect moral ____________

A

attitudes

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11
Q

What three theories attempt to explain how behaviour can affect attitudes:

  • ___-_________ theory
  • C__________ __________ theory
  • S____ __________ theory
A

Self-presentation theory; cognitive dissonance theory; self-perception theory

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12
Q

____-________ theory assumes that for strategic reasons we express attitudes that make us appear consistent

A

Self-presentation theory

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13
Q

_____________ ______________ theory assumes that to reduce discomfort, we justify our actions to ourselves

A

Cognitive dissonance

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14
Q

_______-_____________ theory assumes that our actions are self-revealing

A

self-perception theory

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15
Q

Insufficient ___________: reduction of dissonance by internally justifying one’s behaviour when external justification is insufficient

A

justification

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16
Q

____-_________ theory: The theory that when we are unsure of our attitudes, we infer them much as would someone observing us, by looking at our behaviour and the circumstances under which it occurs

A

Self-perception theory

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17
Q

_________________ effect: The result of bribing people to do what they already like doing; they may then see their actions as externally controlled rather than intrinsically appealing

A

over justification effect

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18
Q

Do anticipated or unanticipated rewards decrease intrinsic interest in a task?

A

anticipated

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19
Q

Cognitive dissonance theory explains attitude ________; while self-perception theory explains attitude __________

A

change; formation

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20
Q

______________; The process by which a message induces change in beliefs, attitudes and behaviours

A

persuasion

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21
Q

How many pathways to persuasion are there?

A

Two; the central route and the peripheral route

22
Q

The __________ route of persuasion occurs when interested when focus on the arguments and response with favourable thoughts

A

central route

23
Q

The ____________ route to persuasion occurs when people are included by incidental cues, such as a speaker’s attractiveness

A

peripheral route

24
Q

_________ route persuasion can lead to more enduring change than does the ___________ route

A

Central; Peripheral

25
Q

Are attitudes relatively permanent?

A

Yes

26
Q

Are attitudes relatively functional and generalisable?

A

Yes

27
Q

______ ____________ effect: number of times exposed to an object influences evaluation of object

A

Mere exposure effect

28
Q

Does the mere exposure effect occur if the original stimulus is disliked?

A

No, it needs to be rewarding

29
Q

Can classical conditioning lead to attitude formation?

A

Yes

30
Q

_____-__________: we infer our own attitudes from our freely chosen behaviours

A

Self-Perception theory

31
Q

____-______ theory occurs when attitudes are weak, newly formed, and ambiguous

A

self-perception

32
Q

A ________ scale is a good self-report measure of attitudes

A

Likert

33
Q

__________ Association Test: Reaction time to test measure of automatic attitudes

A

Implicit Association Test

34
Q

The more specific the _________ the better chance of a subsequent behaviour

A

attitude

35
Q

Is self-awareness a determinant of attitude - behaviour relationship?

A

Yes

36
Q

________ justification: Inconsistency experience when a large effort is made to achieve a modest goal

A

Effort justification

37
Q

Induced _____________: inconsistency experienced when a person is persuaded to behave in a way contrary to their attitude

A

compliance

38
Q

Can changing our perception of a behaviour reduce dissonance?

A

yes

39
Q

Three variables that affect Persuasion:
1 : Communicator or _________ (who)
2 Communication or ___________ (what)
3: _______________ ( to whom )

A

source; message; audience

40
Q

Presenting the communication as an e________, can lead to better persuasion

A

expert

41
Q

____________ processing: process message more carefully, pay more attention

A

systematic processing

42
Q

____________ processing - pay less attention, use cognitive shortcuts

A

heuristic processing

43
Q

___________ - negative reaction to efforts of others to limit our personal freedom

A

reactance

44
Q

The effects of source credibility diminish after a ______ or so

A

month

45
Q

__________ effect: A delayed impact of a message that occurs when an initially discounted message becomes effective, as we remember the message but forget the reason for discounting it

A

Sleeper effect

46
Q

Speech _____ affects a speaker’s apparent trustworthiness and subsequent persuasive ability

A

style

47
Q

People respond better to a message that comes from someone in their _____

A

group

48
Q

Fear-framed messages work better when trying to prevent a _____ outcome that when trying to promote a ____ outcome

A

bad; good

49
Q

Recency effects are less common that _________ effects

A

primacy

50
Q

Compliance breeds _________ in cults

A

acceptance

51
Q

Successful cults usually have a __________ leader

A

charismatic leader

Social Psychology (13 decks)

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