Week 13: Attraction and Relationships FINAL EXAM Flashcards
Need for _________: deride to establish and maintain many rewarding interpersonal relationships
Affiliation
The need for ________ occurs in other animals
affiliation
Orphanage institution life leads to state of apathy and __________
depression
Schacter argues that when we are feeling stress or anxiety with seek out the company of others to (increase/decrease) our stress
decrease
According to schaters work with anxiety, why might we seek others when anxiety stricken?
Distraction; Social comparison,
__________ factors of attractiveness - people look for a mate who has good genes and reproductive fitness
Evolutionary
Evolutionary factors of attractiveness:
1 y________ appearance
2 sym_________
3 Women’s ______-to-hip ratio
Youthful appearance; symmetry; waist
Men are attracted to ________ women; and more ________ women than women with status
young; attractiveness
Research found that college students that looked at pictures of attractive people found them more _________ than unattractive people
positive
Factors that increase liking:
-Pr_______ : we tend to form relationships with people who live or work near us
Proximity
Factors that increase liking:
- fam_______
Familiarity
____ ________ effect - the more we are exposed to something, the more we like it
Mere exposure effect
Factors that increase liking:
- Sim_________ : people of the same backround and interests
Similarity
Do opposites attract?
Nope
________ phenomenon: people are attracted to and form relationships with others who are similar to them in physical attractiveness
Matching phenomenon
Factors that increase liking:
- ________ theory: prefer relationships that are psychologically balanced
Balance theory
_______ theory: we are motivated to restore balance in our relationships
Balance theory
B________ theory: attracted to similar others - attitudes, beliefs, and values
Balance theory
What are the three main reasons we like people?
Proximity; Familiarity; Similarity
________ - desire to interact with another person
Liking
_______ - desire to interact, trust and be intimate with another person
Love
Being in _____, involves sexual desire and excitement
Love
____________ love: intense, exciting and involves physiological arousal
Passionate love
__________ love: caring and affectionate that is characterised by high levels of self-disclosure
Companionate love
Sternberg’s Triangle of Love:
- ________ (emotional component) involves feelings of closeness
- ________ (motivational component) attraction, romance, and sexual desire
- _________ (cognitive component) decision to make a long-term commitment
Intimacy; Passion; Commitment
In Sternberg’s Triangle of Love, intimacy is the _________ component
Emotional
In Sternberg’s Triangle of Love, passion is the __________ component
motivational
In Sternberg’s Triangle of Love, commitment is the _________ component
cognitive
What are the two factors of Schacter’s 2-factor theory of emotion?
- Physical arousal 2. Cognitive appraisal
Hatfield and Walster’s 3 factor theory of love:
1 C______ E_______
2 Presence of appropriate love ______
3 e_______ arousal
Cultural expectation; appropriate love object; emotional arousal
What theory explains satisfaction and maintenance in a relationship?
Social Exchange theory
A relationship is a ______ exchange
social exchange
The more you are rewarded compared to the costs (as argued by ______ _______ theory) predicts if you will stay in a relationship
Social Exchange theory
Investment Model:
- __________ level
- comparison level for __________
- _________ - things put into relationship that cant be recovered
Comparison; Alternatives Investment
_______ theory: people most satisfied with a relationship when the ratio between benefits and contributions is similar for both partners
Equity theory
relationships that have high ____-_________ (revealing intimate things about self to others) lead to better relationships
Self-disclosure
C_________ love lasts longer than p________ love
Companionate love; Passionate love
Do people who live together before marriage have higher or lower rates of divorce?
higher rates
___________ effects: cohabiters who later marry have higher rates of divorce and lower quality relationships
Cohabitation effect
What are the two most important things for a long marriage?
Communication and Commitment
Duck's Ending of a relationships phases: 1 Intra\_\_\_\_\_\_ phase 2 Dy\_\_\_\_\_ phase 3 S\_\_\_\_\_ phase 4 Gr\_\_\_-Dr\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ phase
Intrapsychic; Dyadic phase; Social Phase; Grave Dressing phase
Need to ________: A motivation to bond with others in relationships that provide ongoing positive interactions
Bond
Humans use ________ to regulate social behaviour
ostracism
________ people exhibit heightened activity in a brain cortex activity that also is activated in response to physical pain
Ostracised
An exclusion experience also triggers increased _______ of other’s behaviour as a non conscious effort to build rapport with others
mimicry
One powerful predictor of whether any two people are friends is sheer ________
proximity
F________ D___________: how often peoples paths cross
Functional Distance
With __________ ____________ to and interaction with someone, our infatuation may fix on almost anyone who has roughly similar characteristics and who reciprocates our affection.
Repeated Exposure
What is the main reason proximity breeds liking?
Availability
Mere an_______ of potential interaction also boosts liking
anticipation
___________ liking: expecting that someone will be pleasant and compatible
Anticipatory liking
______-__________ effect: the tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more or rated more positively after the rater has been repeatedly exposed to them
Mere-exposure effect
The _____-_______ effect is a hardwired phenomenon that predisposes our attractions and attachments
Mere-Exposure effect
I_______ Eg_______: we like what we associate ourselves with
Implicit Egotism
______ _______ is important to men and women equally when initiating a relationship
Physical Attractiveness
Composite computer averaged faces are found to be more attractive than real faces. Why might this be?
Because it is cognitively easier to attend to an averaged prototypical face
______ _________ model: that our attraction to a romantic partner is based on signs that the person has good genes and is a good investment
Ideal Standards Model
Dissimilar attitudes depress ______ more than similar attitudes enhance it
likeness
___________ : the popularly supposed tendency in a relationship between two people, for each to complete what is missing in the other
Complementarity
The tendency for _______ to marry or mate has never been reliably demonstrated with the single exception of sex
opposites
P________ and A__________ influence our initial attraction to someone, and s________ influences longer term attraction as well
Proximity; Attractiveness; Similarity
____ _____ of attraction: the theory that we like those whose behaviour is rewarding to us or who we associate with rewarding events
Reward theory of attraction
_______ love is a biological as well as psychological phenomenon
Passionate love
(Men/Women) fall in love more readily
Men
Our infant dependency strengthens our humans ______
bonds
P_________ S_________: refers to our desire to seek out an attachment figure when we feel threatened or distressed
Proximity Seeking
S_____ H_______: is the comfort provided by an attachment figure that makes us feel safe in times of distress
Safe Haven
S______ B_____: describes the encouragement and support we receive from an attachment figure when we are faced with threatening or challenging life events
Secure Base
Model of ____: refers to how we view ourselves as worth of love, support, and care
Model of self
Model of ______: refers to how we view our caregivers as reliable and responsive to attending to our needs
Model of others
Attachment _________: the attachment dimension characterised by a preoccupation with relationships and excessive need for reassurance and approval
anxiety
Attachment __________: the attachment dimension characterised by discomfort with closeness, excessive self-reliance and a distrust of others
Attachment avoidance
___________ attachment: Attachment marked by a sense of one’s own unworthiness and anxiety, ambivalence and possessiveness
Preoccupied attachment
________ attachment: an avoidant relationship style marked by distrust of others
Dismissive attachment
_______ attachment: an avoidant relationship style marked by fear and rejection
Fearful attachment
_____ attachment: attachments rooted in trust and marked by intimacy
Secure attachment
People who have high _________ ________ experience love as game playing, exhibition a fear of intimacy and a lack of passion and commitment.
attachment avoidance
_________ commitment: maintaining a relationship due to the costs or negative consequences of leaving it
Structural commitment
______ commitment: A person’s feelings of duty, obligation and moral responsibility to continue a relationship
Moral commitment
_______ commitment: A desire and feelings of personal dedication to maintain a relationship
Personal commitment
