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Social Psychology > Week 2: Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Week 2: Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

_______ effect: The belief that others are paying more attention to our appearance and behaviour than they really are

A

Spotlight

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2
Q

Illusion of _________: The illusion that our concealed emotions leak out and can be easily read by others

A

transparency

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3
Q

No topic in psychology currently is more heavily researched than the ____

A

Self

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4
Q

Our sense of ______ organises our thoughts, feelings and actions

A

self

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5
Q

___-_____: Beliefs about the self that organises and guides the processing of self-relevant information

A

Self-Schema

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6
Q

The _______ cortex becomes more active the more you think about yourself.

A

Medial

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7
Q

What brain area helps stitch together your sense of self?

A

The Medial Cortex

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8
Q

The elements of your self-concept are your self-________

A

schema

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9
Q

______ are mental templates by which we organise our world

A

Schemas

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10
Q

_______ selves: images of what we dream of or dread becoming in the future

A

possible

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11
Q

As we enact a new role (university student etc) we initially feel self-_________

A

conscious

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12
Q

______ ___________: Evaluating one’s abilities and opinions (status also) by comparing oneself with others

A

Social Comparison

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13
Q

_________ self: Construing one’s identity in relation to others

A

interdependent

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14
Q

Self-Concept is _________ (context specific ) rather than ________ (enduring across situations

A

malleable ; stable

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15
Q

For those in ________ cultures, self-esteem is more personal and less relational

A

individualistic

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16
Q

We are markably bad predictors of what will actually make us ______

A

happy

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17
Q

_________ fallacy: The tendency to underestimate how long it will take to complete a task

A

Planning

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18
Q

Studies of affective forecasting reveal that people have greatest difficulty predicting the ______ and ______ of their future emotions

A

intensity; duration

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19
Q

________ bias: Overestimating the enduring impact of emotion-causing events

A

Impact

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20
Q

We are especially prone to impact bias after ______ events

A

negative

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21
Q

________ neglect: The human tendency to underestimate the speed and the strength of the psychological immune system

A

immune

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22
Q

Dual Attitudes: Differing _______ (automatic) and _________ (consciously controlled) attitudes towards the same object.

A

Implicit; Explicit

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23
Q

Self-_______ : A person’s overall self-evaluation or sense of self-worth

A

Esteem

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24
Q

_______ is best when it is true and specific

A

Feedback

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25
Q

Although shared interests are healthy, _______ career goals may produce tension or jealousy

A

identical

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26
Q

The reality of our own ________, motivates us to gain recognition from our work and values.

A

death

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27
Q

High self-esteem becomes especially problematic if it crosses over into _______, or having an inflated sense of self.

A

narcissism

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28
Q

Effortful ___-______ depletes our limited willpower reserves.

A

Self-control

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29
Q

Self-__________: A sense that one is competent and effective.

A

Self-efficacy

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30
Q

_______ of ________: The extent to which people perceive outcomes as internally controllable by their own efforts or as externally controlled by chance, powerful others or outside forces.

A

Locus of Control

31
Q

How much control we feel is related to how we explain _______

A

setbacks

32
Q

________ __________: The sense of hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated bad events

A

learned helplessness

33
Q

____-______ _____: The tendency to perceive oneself favourably

A

self-serving bias

34
Q

People attribute their _________ to their ability, but they attribute _______ to external factors

A

Success; failure

35
Q

Situations that combine _____ and ______ are especially prone to the phenomenon of self-serving bias

A

skill; chance

36
Q

Self-serving _______: A form of self-serving bias; the tendency to attribute positive outcomes to oneself and negative outcomes to other factors

A

attributions

37
Q

Illusory unrealistic optimism increases our v__________

A

vulnerability

38
Q

Defensive __________: The adaptive value of anticipating problems and harnessing one’s anxiety to motivate effective action.

A

Defensive pessimism

39
Q

_____ _________ effect: The tendency to overestimate the commonality of one’s opinions and one’s undesirable or unsuccessful behaviours

A

False Consensus effect

40
Q

On matters of opinion, we find support for out positions by overestimating the extent to which others agree - a phenomenon known as _______ _________ effect

A

False Consensus effect

41
Q

Dawes suggests that the ______ _______ effect occurs because we generalise from a limited sample, which prominently includes ourselves.

A

False consensus effect

42
Q

False _________ effect: The tendency to underestimate the commonality of one’s abilities and one’s desirable behaviours with that of others

A

False uniqueness effect

43
Q

Self-serving ____ could be a by-product of how we process and remember information about ourselves

A

bias

44
Q

non depressed people usually exhibit ____-serving ____

A

self-serving bias

45
Q

Self-serving bias also inflates people’s judgements of their groups, a phenomenon known as _____-________ bias

A

group serving bias

46
Q

Self - _____________: Protecting one’s self-image with behaviours that create a handy excuse for later failure

A

handicapping

47
Q

Self-_____________ refers to our wanting to present a desired image both to an external audience and to an internal audience

A

Self-presentation

48
Q

Self-__________ : being attuned to the way one presents oneself in social situations and adjusting one’s performance to create the desired impression

A

Self-monitoring

49
Q

We have evolved with a drive for ___________ (we are social animals)

A

protoconversation

50
Q

Is consciousness, experience, and memory involved in our sense of self?

A

Yes

51
Q

____-________ - total of a person’s thoughts and feelings that defines the self as an object (what we know about ourselves)

A

Self-concept

52
Q

_______ _____ Self - acquire self in reflected appraisals of others

A

Looking Glass self

53
Q

George Mead state that the self emerges via _______ interaction

A

social

54
Q

________ ___________ : assume point of view of others & observe own behaviour from this perspective (George Mead)

A

symbolic interactionism

55
Q

Development of self-________ starts around 18 months

A

self-awareness

56
Q

______ - organised system of believes about some stimulus object

A

schema

57
Q

Self-_______ - beliefs about the self that organise and guide the processing of self-relevant information

A

self - schemas

58
Q

Self-_________ theory: we infer information doubt ourselves by observing our own behaviour (Bem)

A

self - perception theory

59
Q

_______________ effect - if there are no external causes for our behaviour, we assume we chose the behaviour because we enjoy it.

A

Overjustification effect

60
Q

______ __________ theory: learn about & evaluate ourselves in comparison to others

A

Social Comparison theory

61
Q

Self-Discrepancy theory highlights the differences between their actual self, their ______ self, and their ______ self.

A

ideal; ought;

62
Q

__________ identity - idiosyncratic aspects of self

A

personal

63
Q

________ identity – part of self-concept based on our group memberships.

A

Social

64
Q

______________: process via which individuals learn about the rules of behaviour in another culture

A

Acculturation

65
Q

Self-_________ feedback (“you tried hard’) results in greater success than self-esteem feedback (“you’re really smart”).

A

Self-efficacy

66
Q

Self-________ – a sense that one is competent and effective.

A

efficacy

67
Q

______ of _______ – extent to which outcomes are perceived to be internally controllable or externally controlled.

A

Locus; control

68
Q

Self-____________ : The development of self-discipline in one area of your life may cause self-control in other areas as well.

A

Self - determination

69
Q

Self-_______ __________: attribute positive outcomes internally and negative outcomes externally.

A

Self-serving attributions

70
Q

_________ __________: Adaptive value of anticipating problems and harnessing one’s anxiety to motivate effective action

A

Defensive pessimism

71
Q

_____ _________ effect: Tendency to overestimate the commonality of
one’s opinions and one’s undesirable or unsuccessful behaviours

A

False consensus

72
Q

________ __________ effect: Tendency to underestimate the commonality of
one’s abilities and one’s desirable or successful behaviours

A

False uniqueness

73
Q

____ - __________: being attuned to how one presents oneself in social situations & adjusting one’s performance to create the desired impression

A

Self-monitoring

74
Q

Excess ______ can increase dissatisfaction and regret

A

choice

Social Psychology (13 decks)

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