Week 11: FINAL EXAM Flashcards
_____________: a verbal or physical act intended to cause harm to someone or something
Aggression
I____________ A______________: intentional use of harmful behaviour so that one can achieve some other goal
Instrumental aggression
_________ _________: Being in the wrong position at the wrong time (not personal to the individual)
Instrumental Aggression
Hostile or _________ aggression: intentional use of harmful behaviour in which the goal is to cause injury to the victim
affective
Domestic violence is _________ aggression
hostile aggression
____________ aggression is cold and hostileless
instrumental aggression
____________ theory: eros (life instinct) and thanatos (death instinct)
Psychodynamic theory
___________ theory argues that there is a death instinct in males and that is therefore the process of aggression
Psychodynamic theory
_________ theory of aggression: Role of evolution and natural selection
Evolutionary theory
__________ theory: aggression is adaptive & ensures transmission of genes
Evolutionary theory
The values of (alpha/beta) males and females are more preferred now.
Beta
Abnormal ______ can contribute to abnormally aggressive behaviour
brains
Electrical stimulation to a________ can provoke aggressive behaviour
amygdala
some evidence that the __________ cortex is less active and smaller in aggressive people
prefrontal cortex
Positive relationship between aggression and _________ consumption
alcohol
___________ correlates with testosterone
Aggression
Low levels of neurotransmitter __________ associated with aggression
serotonin
___________-__________ theory: frustration always leads to aggression
Frustration-aggression theory
__________-____________ theory: aggression often directed at less powerful target - displacement
Frustration - aggression theory
relative __________: perception that one is less well off than others with whom one compares oneself
Relative Deprivation
R__________ D____________ theory: feel disadvantaged relative to other reference groups, little hope of improving conditioning legitimately leads to aggression
Relative Deprivation theory
Female aggression is more (hostile/instrumental) and males (hostile/instrumental)
Hostile; Instrumental
What two of the the ‘Big 5’ are related to low aggresionality?
Agreeableness and emotional stability
Subculture of ________: sub-groups of society that have higher than usual rates of violence
violence
Culture of ________: culture that endorses or accepts male violence to address threat to reputation or economic position
culture of honour
Hostile aggression is ‘E________’; Instrumental aggression is ‘r_________’
emotional; rational
War is ___________ aggression; murder is __________ aggression
instrumental; emotional
_______ speculated that human aggression springs from a self-destructive impulse
Freud
What is frustration?
Anything that blocks us from attaining a goal
_____ _______: culturally provided mental instructions for how to act
Social scripts
Theories of aggression
- Psy________ theory
- Evo_______ theory
- Neu______ and Gen______ influences
- Biochemical influences
Psychodynamic; Evolutionary; Neural and Genetic
Low levels of ser______ is associated with increased aggression
serotonin
Al______ enhances aggressiveness by reducing people’s self-awareness
alcohol
Revised frustration-aggression hypothesis: Frustration leads to _____ which in turn is an emotional readiness to aggress
anger
Did model gender influence the children in the Bobo doll experiment?
Yes they copied their sample sex model more.
Agreeableness and emotional stability are related to reduced amounts of _________
aggression
Does temperature affect aggression?
Yes, the hotter it is there is a higher correlation with aggression
Physical and ‘psychological’ _____ affects amounts of aggression
pain
Exposure to violent __________ increases punitive behaviour toward women
punitive
Why does viewing television violence lead to aggression?
- Des________
- Dis_________
- Aro______ tra_______
- Mod_________
- Priming aggressive sc______ (learning how to deal with conflict)
Desensitisation; Disinhibition; Arousal Transfer; Modelling; script
What is catharsis?
An emotional release of energy after being primed by something. This could be aggression after watching a violent TV show
Playing violent ______ games leads to increased aggressive thinking, feeling, and behaviour.
video games
Playing violent video games decreased _________ behaviour
prosocial behaviour
A problem with violent video games is that we actively ________ with and play the role of the violent character. This behaviour is then re________
identify; rewarded
Violent video games increases aggressive aro_______
arousal
Groups can amplify aggressive reactions partly by diffusing ___________
responsibility
Through s______ c________, groups magnify aggressive tendencies
social contagion
Viewing or participating in violence fails to produce c________
catharsis
