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Social Psychology > Week 12 Helping and Prosocial Behaviour FINAL EXAM > Flashcards

Week 12 Helping and Prosocial Behaviour FINAL EXAM Flashcards

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1
Q

_______ ___________: acts that are positively valued by society

A

Prosocial Behaviour

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2
Q

______ ________: voluntary acts that intentionally benefit someone else

A

helping behaviour

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3
Q

if you are forced to assist someone is it defined as helping behaviour?

A

No

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4
Q

_________ helping: helping where the goal of the helper is to increase their own welfare

A

egoistic helping

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5
Q

________ behaviour - helping where the goal of the helper is to increase another welfare without expecting anything in return

A

Altruistic helping

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6
Q

________ ___________: human interactions are transactions that aim to maximise one’s rewards and minimise one’s costs

A

Social Exchange

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7
Q

_______ ________: rewards that motivate people can be internal or external

A

Social Exchange

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8
Q

_______-_________ model is based on social exchange theory

A

Bystander-calculus model

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9
Q

________-_______ model: bystanders calculate the perceived costs and benefits of providing help

A

Bystander-calculus model

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10
Q

Different stages in the Bystander-Calculus Model:
1 Phy________ arousal
2 Labelling the ________
3 Calculate the c_____

A

Physiological; arousal; costs

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11
Q

What are the two labels for labelling arousal in the Bystander-Calculus model?

A

Personal distress; empathetic concern

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12
Q

Costs in the Bystander-Calculus model:

  • e_______ costs
  • p________ costs
A

empathy costs; personal costs

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13
Q

In Pillivians train experiment, did the ‘ill’ or ‘drunk’ person receive more help?

A

the ‘ill’ person, which is congruent with the Bystander-Calculus Model

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14
Q

________ norm: expectation that people will help those who have helped them

A

Reciprocity norm

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15
Q

S_____ R_________ norm: help others who are dependent and in need

A

Social Responsibility norm

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16
Q

S______ J________ norm: help only when others deserve our assistance

A

Social Justice Norm

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17
Q

If we attribute the need for help to external, uncontrollable causes then we are more likely to feel ________ and to help

A

sympathy

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18
Q

______ _______ hypothesis: the world is a just place where people get what they deserve

A

Just World Hypothesis

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19
Q

____ __________: preference for helping blood relatives - increases the likelihood of gene transmission

A

Kin Selection

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20
Q

____________ : help others because we expect them to reciprocate the help

A

Reciprocity

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21
Q

_____ _________: groups who help each other out tend to survive longer

A

Group selection

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22
Q

Is operant or classical conditioning involved in learning theory of why we help?

A

Operant, reinforcement for appropriate helping behaviour

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23
Q

Is observational learning involved in why we learn to help?

A

Yes, parents and media modelling prosocial behaviours

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24
Q

__________-_________ hypothesis: is helping behaviour based on egoistic or altruistic motivations?

A

Empathy - Altruistic Hypothesis

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25
Q

In the Empathy - Altruistic hypothesis, __________ ________ is the feeling of when you focus on your own feelings, (alarmed, upset, troubled)

A

personal distress

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26
Q

In the Empathy - Altruistic hypothesis, __________ ________ is the feeling of what the victim feels

A

empathetic concern

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27
Q

In the Empathy - Altruistic hypothesis, our behaviour depends on what __________ we take

A

perspective

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28
Q

If _________ ________ is low, reduce personal distress either by helping or escaping

A

empathetic concern

29
Q

If ________ ______ is high, only one option, must help

A

empathetic concern

30
Q

What processes underlie the bystander effect? (Situational)

  • Diffusion of __________
  • Audience __________
  • social i__________
A

responsibility; inhibition; influence

31
Q

Diffusion of ____________; assume others will take responsilbity

A

responsilbity

32
Q

________ _________: fear negative evaluation from others if intervene and situations is not an emergency

A

Audience Inhibition

33
Q

______ ______ - look to others as a model for action (normative and informational influence)

A

Social Influence

34
Q

What personality factors have been studied in regards to the Bystander - Effect?

  • Social res__________
  • (internal;external) locus of control
  • Dispositional em________
  • Self-monitoring
A

responsibility; internal;

35
Q

Is self-efficacy related to the Bystander Effect?

A

Yes

36
Q

(Men/Women) are more likely to help in a danger situation and also when there is an audience

A

Men

37
Q

(Men/Women) are more likely to help in a danger situation and also when there is an audience

A

Men

38
Q

______-______ model: mood-congruent information in memory more accessible towards helping behaviour

A

Affect-priming model

39
Q

______-reparation hypothesis: want to make up for guilty act

A

Image-reparation hypothesis

40
Q

________ state ______ model: helping provides relief from a negative mood

A

Negative state relief model

41
Q

________: A motive to increase another’s welfare without conscious regard for one’s self interests

A

Altruism

42
Q

________ behaviour: Any behaviour that benefits or positively affects individuals or groups

A

Prosocial behaviour

43
Q

_____ _______: the theory that human interactions are transactions that aim to maximise one’s rewards and minimise one’s costs

A

Social Exchange

44
Q

The cost of NOT helping and the cost of helping is weighed up in the _______-_________ model

A

Bystander-Calculus model

45
Q

Rewards that motivate helping can be e______ or i_______

A

external; internal

46
Q

Our eagerness to do good after doing bad reflects our need to reduce _____ guilt and restore a shaken s____-i_____

A

private; self-image

47
Q

The feel bad - do good effect only occurs with people whose attention is on themselves or others?

A

Others

48
Q

According to the _______-and-_______ theory, positive emotions tend to broaden our thought-action repertoires

A

broaden and build theory

49
Q

Social _______: the mutual support and cooperation enabled by a social network

A

Social Capital

50
Q

One form of self-sacrifice that would increase ____ survival is devotion to one’s children

A

gene

51
Q

G______ relatedness predicts helping behaviour

A

Genetic

52
Q

What is an example of altruistic modelling?

A

Driving down the highway and seeings someone helping another with a flat tyre. If you then again see someone with a flat tyre, you are more likely to help.

53
Q

In the empathy-altruism hypothesis, what are the two emotions that you could potentially experience?

A

Personal distress; Empathetic concern

54
Q

The by_________ effect is less pronounced in dangerous situations

A

bystander effect

55
Q

How can we improve prosocial behaviour?

  • Reduce amb________
  • Increase res________
  • Increase gui___
  • Increase grat_____ and forg______
A

Ambiguity; Responsibility; Guilt; gratitude; forgiveness

56
Q

How can we improve prosocial behaviour?

  • Reduce amb________
  • Increase res________
  • Increase gui___
  • Increase grat_____ and forg______
A

Ambiguity; Responsibility; Guilt; gratitude; forgiveness

57
Q 
Factors that influence helping in an emergency: 
1 Presence of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
2 Sit\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Am\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
3 Personal com\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
4 Perceived c\_\_\_\_\_ of helping 
5 Perceived r\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of helping
6 Sim\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to victim
A

Others; Situational Ambiguity; Competence; costs; rewards; similarity

58
Q

______ __________: reduction in individual effort when working as a collective rather than an alone

A

Social Loafing

59
Q

__________ ______: being aware of a negative stereotype associated with your group leads to impaired performance on a stereotypical task

A

Stereotype threat

60
Q

E__________ A_________ and self - M__________ affect stereotype threat

A

Evaluation apprehension; Self-monitoring

61
Q 
Factors in Milgram study? 
1 Immediacy of v\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
2 Prox\_\_\_\_\_\_ of experimenter 
3 Legitimacy of authority 
4 Status of in\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
5 Presence of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ who obey or disobey
A

Victim; Proximity; Institution; others

62
Q

According to the Stereotype Content Model, we tend to stereotype out groups on two fundamental dimensions: _______ and ________

A

Warmth; Competence

63
Q

Stereotypes of the elderly typically have high _______ and low __________

A

warmth; competence

64
Q

The _____ ______ ______ purports to measure unconscious attitudes towards the target group

A

Implicit Association Test

65
Q

________ prejudice is automatic, unintentional and operates outside of conscious thought

A

Implicit Prejudice

66
Q

Individuals consuming more than their share of a common resource ultimately leads to a loss of resource for all is known as……

A

the tragedy of the commons

67
Q

Happy people tend to be more h_________ people

A

helpful

68
Q

What two social norms influence why we help?

A

Reciprocity norm; social responsibility norm

Social Psychology (13 decks)

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