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JL Musculoskeletal > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four cardinal signs for osteoarthritis?

A

Loss of joint space
Osteophytes
Sclerosis
Subchondral cysts

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2
Q

What are the 3 stages of rocker when looking at gait?

A

1st: Heel strike to flat floor
2nd: mid stance
3rd: heel rise

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3
Q

Name two tests for gastrocsoleus?

A

Silverskiolds and thompson/simmonds

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4
Q

What condition is a normal variant, familial, has associated ligamentous laxity and requires no treatment in relation to foot and ankle?

A

Pes Planus

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5
Q

What is most common cause of acquired flatfoot deformity in adult which usually is present for years prior to diagnosis?

A

Tibialis posterior dysfunction

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6
Q

What muscle courses immediately posterior to medial malleolus and attaches on to navicular tuberosity and plantar aspect of medial and middle cuneiforms?

A

Tibialis posterior

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7
Q

What is the main role of tibialis posterior?

A

Primary dynamic stabiliser of medial longitudinal arch - elavtes arch
Invertor and plantar-flexor

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8
Q

What type of patient is tibialis posterior dysfunction likely to occur in?

A

Obese middle aged female - increases with age

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9
Q

Name some associated factors with tibialis anterior dysfunction?

A
  1. Flat foot
  2. Hypertension,
  3. Diabetes
  4. Steroid injection
  5. Seronegative arthropathies
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10
Q

In tibialis posterior dysfunction - where is pain or swelling usually found?

A

Posterior to medial malleolus

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11
Q

What condition involves a change in foot shape, diminished walking ability, dislike of uneven surfaces, more noticeable hallux valgus and lateral wall “impingement” pain?

A

Tibialis posterior dysfunction

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12
Q

What type of TPD is swelling, tenderness, slightly weak muscle power?

A

Type I

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13
Q

What type of TPD is planovalgus, midfoot abduction and passively correctable?

A

Type II

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14
Q

What type of TPD involves fixity and mortise signs?

A

Type III and IV

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15
Q

How is TPD treated?

A

Physiotherapy, insole to support medial longitudinal arch, orthoses occomodate foot shape

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16
Q

What foot and ankle condition often involves clawing of toes and can be caused by HSMN, CP, Polio, spina bifida, club foot

A

Pes Cavus

17
Q

What foot and ankle condition involves start-up pain after rest, can be worse after exercise and has fullness or swelling plantarmedial aspect of heel. there can also be tenderness over plantar aspect of heel and/or plantarmedial aspect of heal?

A

Plantar fasciitis

18
Q

What test is positive for plantar fasciitis?

A

Tinel’s test positive for Baxter’s nerve

19
Q

What condition is related to: “heel spurs” and “heel pad pain syndrome”?

A

Plantar fasciitis

20
Q

What are some causes of plantar fasciitis?

A

Physical overload, seronegative arthropathy, abnormal foot shape (planovalgus or cavovarus) or even improper footwear?

21
Q

How do you treat plantar fasciitis?

A

NSAIDS, night splints, taping, heel cups or medial arch supports, steroid injection

22
Q

Is plantar fasciitis self-limiting?

A

Yes 18-24 months

23
Q

What foot and ankle condition increases with age, usually bilateral, 3F>1M and is common in adolescent subgroup?

A

Hallux valgus

24
Q

What disease is a cause of hallux valgus?

A

Rheumatoid, general joint laxity/CTDs and splayed forefoot associated with loss of muscle tone and age

25
Q

Name four problems experienced with hallux valgus?

A
  1. Transfer metatarsalgia
  2. Lesser toe impingement
  3. Pain, deformity, cosmesis
  4. Shoe difficulties
26
Q

How is hallux valgus managed?

A

Non-operative (shoe modifications)

Operative - decrease HV anglw

27
Q

What foot and ankle problem involves osteoarthritis of 1st MTPJ joint?

A

Hallux rigidus

28
Q

Name two operative treatments for hallux rigidus?

A

Joint replacement

Fusion (arthrodesis)

29
Q

What foot and ankle condition occurs early in Rh disease process and is the commonest problems requiring surgery affect the forefoot?

A

Rheumatoid foot

30
Q

Name four features of the pathogenesis of rheumatoid foot?

A
  1. Synovitis
  2. Proteinases and collagenases
  3. Impaired integrity of joint capsule/ligaments
  4. Destruction of hyaline cartilage
31
Q

What part of a rheumatoid foot involves: talocalcaneal interosseous ligament, unstable subtalar joint, calcaneus drifts into valgus, medial arch collapses, flat feet and often requires multiple joint fusions?

A

Hindfoot

32
Q

What foot and ankle condition involves degenerative fibrosis of digital nerve near its bifurcation?

A

Mortons neuroma

33
Q

What two clinical features are associated with mortons neuroma?

A 
Forefoot pain (metatarsalgia)
Burning and tingling in toes
34
Q

What is the mean age for mortons neuroma?

A

45-50 (more common in females)

35
Q

How is mortons neuroma treated operatively and non-=op?

A

Insoles, injections

Excise

JL Musculoskeletal (35 decks)

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