Cortext Week 6 Flashcards
What reflex is absent in spinal shock?
Bulbocavernous reflex - contraction of anal sphincter with either squeeze of penis glands, tapping mons pubis or pulling on urethral catheter
With incomplete spinal injuries - what do peruanal sensation, voluntary anal contraction and big toe flexion indicate?
Corticospinal motor and spinothalamic tracts
What syndrome can occur with hyperextension injury in cervical spine with osteoarthritis?
Central cord syndrome
What type of pelvis fracture occurs with side impact where one half of pelvis is displaced medially, fractures through the pubic rami or ischium are accompanied by a sacral compression fracture or SI joint disrutoion?
Lateral compression fracture
What pelvic fracture occurs due to axial force on one hemipelvis where the affected hemipelvis is displaced superiorly, the leg on affected side will appear shorter?
Vertical shear force
What is antother term for anteroposterior compression pelvic injury?
Open book fracture
What type of pelvic fractures do elderly get?
Minimally displaced lateral compression injuries
What is the most common humeral neck fracture pattern?
Surgical neck fracture with medial displacement of humeral shaft due to pull of pectoralis major muscle
How are patella nad quadricep tendon tears treated?
Surgically
Which way of dislocatgion is more common in the shoulder?
Anterior
What dislocation of shoulder occurs after excessive external rotation force or a fall onto back of shoulder?
aNterior
What is another term for detatchment of anterior glenoid labrum and capsule in anterior shoulder dislocation?
Bankart lesion
What is another term for the posterior humeral head impacting on the anterior glenoid producing an impaction fracture of the posterior head?
Hill-Sachs lesion
Name a clinical sign of anterior shoulder dislocation?
Loss of rounded shoulder and loss of sensation in regimentl badge area.
How is shoulder dislocation diagnosed>
X-ray
What is mainstay of treatment for anterior dislocaiton of shoulder/
Closed reduction under sedation
What dislocation of shoulder will happen on an adducted and internally rotated arm?
Posterior
What is injured after a fall onto the point of a shoulder?
AC joint
How are most AC fractures treated?
Conservatively
What nerve is affected in wrist drop and loss of sensation in first dorsal web space?
Radial
Who do supracondylar fractures usually occur in?
Children
What occurs after a fall onto the point of elbow with contraction of triceps muscle?
Olecranon fracture
How are monteggia fractures treated?
ORIF
What is a Colles fracture?
Extra-articular fracture of distal radius within an inch of the articular surface and with dorsal displacement or angulation
Name a local late complication of colles fracture?
Rupture of extensor pollicis longus tendon
What is another name for flexion fracture of radius?
Smiths
What is a volarly displaced or angulated extra-articular fracture of the distal radiuswhich usually occurs after falling onto back of flexed wrist?
Smiths
How should all smiths fractures be treated?
With ORIF - highly unstable injuries
What are the names of intra-articular fractures of distal radius involving the dorsal or voalr rim, where the carpalk bones of the wrist joint sublux?
Bartons
What is an avulsion of extensor tendon from its insertion into terminal phalynx and is caused by forced flexion of the extended DIPJ, often from ball sport?
Mallet finger
How are 3rd, 4th and 5th metacarpals treated?
Conservatorly
What normally fracutres in a punching injury?
5th metacarpal
How are extracapsular hip fractures managed?
Dynamic hip screw
How much blood loss can occur with femoral shaft frac=tures?
1.5 litres
What tibial plateu fracture will valgus force cause?
Lateral
What is used to fix tibial plataeu fractures?
Plates and screws
What is name for distal tibial fracture/
Pilon
What is the name of the fracture of the base of the 2nd metatarsal associated with dislocation of the base of 2nd metatarsal with or without dislocation of others?
Lis franc
What is the periosteium like in childrens bones?
Much thicker and bendier
What Salterharris class is pure physeal seperation?
1
What Salter Harris class are msot common?
2
What class of Salter Harris are intraarticular/
3 and 4
What are bucjkle and greenstick fractures?
Childrens distal radius fractures
If the patient is unable to make ok sign - what nerves and muscles are affected?
;oss of FPL, FDP and median nerve
In children less than 2 with femur shaft fractures - what splint is ued?
Gallows traction
Who are undisplaced spiral fractures of tibial shaft common in?
Toddlers
