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JL Musculoskeletal > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

How many nuclei do skeletal muscles have and where are they located?

A

Multinucleated

Located at the periphery of fibre

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2
Q

What is the connective tissue that surrounds the muscle as a whole called?

A

Epimysium

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3
Q

What is the name for the connective tissue around a single fasicle?

A

Perimysium

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4
Q

What is the name for connective tissue around a single muscle fibre?

A

Endomysium

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5
Q

The axon of the motor neurone branches as it nears its termination and each branch ends in a special type of synapse called what?

A

Neuromuscular junction

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6
Q

Name the three types of skeletal muscle fibres?

A

Type I
Type IIA
Type IIB

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7
Q

What type of muscle fibres are relatively slow contracting fibres that depend on oxidative metabolism, have abundant mitochondria, are resistant to fatigue and produce relatively less force (often called red fibres)?

A

Type I

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8
Q

What type of muscle fibre is an intermediate between the other two, relatively fast contracting but also reasonably resistant to fatigue and are relatively uncommon?

A

Type IIA

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9
Q

What type of muscle fibre has fast contracating fibres that depend on anaerobic metabolism, have few mitochondria, fatigue relatively easily and produce relatively greater force (often called white fibres because of lack of myoglobin)?

A

Type IIB

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10
Q

Are there blood vessels in cartilage?

A

No

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11
Q

How are cartilage cells nourished?

A

By difusion through the extracellular matrix

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12
Q

How are bone cells nourished?

A

By blood vessels that pervade the tissue

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13
Q

What are cells found in cartilage called?

A

Chondrocytes

chondroblasts when immature

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14
Q

Where do chondrocytes live?

A

Within a space in the extracellular matrix termed a lacuna

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15
Q

How does type II collagen differ from type I?

A

It is finer and instead of aggregating into linear bundles it forms a 3-dimensional meshwork

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16
Q

What are made up of GAGs (most commonly keratan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate) bound to a core protein and often linked to hyaluronan?

A

Proteoglycan aggregates

17
Q

What colour is hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage?

A

Hyaline - blue/white
Elastic - Yellow
Fibrocartilage - White

18
Q

What type of cartilage has badns of densely packed type I collagen interleaved with rows of chondrocytes surrounded by small amounts of cartilagenous ECM?

A

Fibrocartilage

19
Q

What type of cartilage is found on articular surfaces, tracheal rings, costal cartilage, epiphyseal growth plates and precursor in fetus to many bones?

A

Hyaline cartilage

20
Q

What do bones store?

A

Calcium

21
Q

What structures in the body carry out haemopoiesis (blood cell production)?

A

Bones

22
Q

In utero where is blood produced?

A

In liver and spleen

23
Q

Where is the site of haemopoiesis?

A

Bone marrow - axial and limb girdle

24
Q

An outer shell of what makes up the shaft of a bone (diaphysis)?

A

Cortical bone

25
Q

What type of bone occupies the end of the bone (epiphyses)?

A

Cancellous (aero bar) or trabecular

26
Q

Where are Haversion canals found?

A

Bone

27
Q

What cells are located on bone surfaces, for example under the periosteum, and serve as a pool of reserve osteoblasts?

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

28
Q

What cells are bone forming cells found on the surface of developing bone, they have plentiful RER and prominent mitochondria?

A

Osteoblasts

29
Q

What type of cell is a bone cell trapped within the bone matrix?

A

Osteocytes

30
Q

What bone cells are large multinucleated cells, found on the surface of bone and are responsible for bone resorption?

A

Osteoclasts

31
Q

What is the basic multicellular unit or BMU?

A

The collection of osteoclasts and osteoblasts that participate in the process of bone remodelling

32
Q

In what process does this occur: osteoclasts congregate and begin to drill into the bone forming a tunnel, a blood vessel grows in the tunnel bringing with it osteoblasts which line the tunnel and begin laying down new lamellar bone, it continues until a Haversian canal remains?

A

Bone remodelling

33
Q

What do osteoblasts secrete?

A

Osteoid - collagen, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans

JL Musculoskeletal (35 decks)

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