Anatomy Dissection 5 Flashcards
What are the three articulations of the knee joint?
2 between femur and tibia
1 between femur and patella
What muscles and nerve flex the knee?
Hamstrings & gastrocnemius/tibial and common fibular nerve
What muscles and nerve extend the knee?
Quadriceps/femoral nerve
What muscles and nerves medially rotate knee at 90 degrees flexion?
Hamstrings and gracilis/tibial and obturator nerves
What muscles and nerves laterally rotate the knee at 90 degrees flexion?
Biceps femoris/tibial and common fibular nerve
What are the three ligaments that help stabilise the knee joint?
Iliotibial tract, tibial (medial) and fibular (lateral) collateral ligaments and the cruciate ligaments (anterior and posterior)
In the knee joint - what are crescentic discs of fibrocartilage that act as shockabsorbers as well as assisting with stabilisation of the curved femoral condyles upon the relatively flatter tibial condyles?
Medial and lateral menisci
What is genu valgam (knock knees) potentially caused by?
Lateral menisci loss
Where are the knee menisci thicker?
Peripherally where they attach to fibrous capsule
What is the medial meniscus attached to which makes it more vulnerable to tearing in knee injuries?
Tibial (medial) collateral ligament
What is ruptured in an unhappy triad knee injury?
ACL, medial meniscus, tibial (medial) collateral ligament
In the knee - what are both menisci point anchored anteriorly and posteriroly by?
Attachment to the tibial intercondylar area.
The cruciate ligaments are named anterior and posterior according to what?
Their site of attachment to the intercondylar eminence of the tibia.
What passes superiorly, laterally and posteriorly to attach to the lateral femoral condyle?
ACL
What does the ACL prevent?
Anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur and hyperextension of the knee joint.
What lies medial to the ACL and passes superiorly and anteriorly to attach to the medial femoral condyle
PCL
What does PCL prevent?
Posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur and helps prevent hyperflexion of the joint
What bursa is an extension of the synovial cavity in the knee and reduces friction on the quadriceps tendon?
Suprapatellar
What is abnormal fluid within the knee joint filling the suprapatellar bursa clinically detected by?
Massage test
What does the common fibular nerve divide into at the fibular neck?
Superficial and deep fibular nerve
What nerve supplies muscles of lateral compartment of leg and skin of the dorsum of foot?
Superficial fibular nerve
What nerve supplies muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg and the skin of the first interdigital cleft?
Deep fibular nerve
What do all muscles of anterior leg attach to proximally?
Tibia, fibula or interosseous membrane
What muscle of anterior leg attaches distally to base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuniform?
Tibialis anterior
What muscle of anterior leg attaches distally to distal phalanges of great toe?
Extensor hallucis longus
What muscle of anterior leg attaches distally to all digits?
Extensor digitorum longus
What muscle of anterior leg attaches distally to base of 5th metatarsal ?
Fibularis tertius
What muscles control inversion of foot?
Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior
What muscles control eversion of foot?
Fibularis tertius and fibularis longus/brevus
What seperates anterior and lateral compartments of leg?
Intermuscular septum
What two muscles are in lateral compartment of leg?
Fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
What do fibularis longus/brevis both attach to proximally?
Fibula
Where does the distal tendon of fibularis longus pass beneath to reach base of 1st metatarsal?
Sole of foot
