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JL Musculoskeletal > Anatomy Dissection 5 > Flashcards

Anatomy Dissection 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three articulations of the knee joint?

A

2 between femur and tibia

1 between femur and patella

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2
Q

What muscles and nerve flex the knee?

A

Hamstrings & gastrocnemius/tibial and common fibular nerve

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3
Q

What muscles and nerve extend the knee?

A

Quadriceps/femoral nerve

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4
Q

What muscles and nerves medially rotate knee at 90 degrees flexion?

A

Hamstrings and gracilis/tibial and obturator nerves

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5
Q

What muscles and nerves laterally rotate the knee at 90 degrees flexion?

A

Biceps femoris/tibial and common fibular nerve

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6
Q

What are the three ligaments that help stabilise the knee joint?

A

Iliotibial tract, tibial (medial) and fibular (lateral) collateral ligaments and the cruciate ligaments (anterior and posterior)

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7
Q

In the knee joint - what are crescentic discs of fibrocartilage that act as shockabsorbers as well as assisting with stabilisation of the curved femoral condyles upon the relatively flatter tibial condyles?

A

Medial and lateral menisci

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8
Q

What is genu valgam (knock knees) potentially caused by?

A

Lateral menisci loss

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9
Q

Where are the knee menisci thicker?

A

Peripherally where they attach to fibrous capsule

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10
Q

What is the medial meniscus attached to which makes it more vulnerable to tearing in knee injuries?

A

Tibial (medial) collateral ligament

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11
Q

What is ruptured in an unhappy triad knee injury?

A

ACL, medial meniscus, tibial (medial) collateral ligament

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12
Q

In the knee - what are both menisci point anchored anteriorly and posteriroly by?

A

Attachment to the tibial intercondylar area.

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13
Q

The cruciate ligaments are named anterior and posterior according to what?

A

Their site of attachment to the intercondylar eminence of the tibia.

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14
Q

What passes superiorly, laterally and posteriorly to attach to the lateral femoral condyle?

A

ACL

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15
Q

What does the ACL prevent?

A

Anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur and hyperextension of the knee joint.

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16
Q

What lies medial to the ACL and passes superiorly and anteriorly to attach to the medial femoral condyle

A

PCL

17
Q

What does PCL prevent?

A

Posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur and helps prevent hyperflexion of the joint

18
Q

What bursa is an extension of the synovial cavity in the knee and reduces friction on the quadriceps tendon?

A

Suprapatellar

19
Q

What is abnormal fluid within the knee joint filling the suprapatellar bursa clinically detected by?

A

Massage test

20
Q

What does the common fibular nerve divide into at the fibular neck?

A

Superficial and deep fibular nerve

21
Q

What nerve supplies muscles of lateral compartment of leg and skin of the dorsum of foot?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

22
Q

What nerve supplies muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg and the skin of the first interdigital cleft?

A

Deep fibular nerve

23
Q

What do all muscles of anterior leg attach to proximally?

A

Tibia, fibula or interosseous membrane

24
Q

What muscle of anterior leg attaches distally to base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuniform?

A

Tibialis anterior

25
Q

What muscle of anterior leg attaches distally to distal phalanges of great toe?

A

Extensor hallucis longus

26
Q

What muscle of anterior leg attaches distally to all digits?

A

Extensor digitorum longus

27
Q

What muscle of anterior leg attaches distally to base of 5th metatarsal ?

A

Fibularis tertius

28
Q

What muscles control inversion of foot?

A

Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior

29
Q

What muscles control eversion of foot?

A

Fibularis tertius and fibularis longus/brevus

30
Q

What seperates anterior and lateral compartments of leg?

A

Intermuscular septum

31
Q

What two muscles are in lateral compartment of leg?

A

Fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

32
Q

What do fibularis longus/brevis both attach to proximally?

A

Fibula

33
Q

Where does the distal tendon of fibularis longus pass beneath to reach base of 1st metatarsal?

A

Sole of foot

JL Musculoskeletal (35 decks)

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