Anatomy Week 1 Flashcards
In the gluteal region - what are the superficial muscle group?
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae
What function do the gluteal region superficial muscles give?
Extensors, abductors, and medial rotators of thigh
What nerves innervate the gluteal region superficial muscle group?
Superior gluteal
Inferior gluteal - gluteus maximus
What muscles make up the gluteal region deep muscle group?
Piriformis
Obturator internus
Gemelli
Quadratus femoris
What function do the gluteal region deep muscle group have?
Lateral rotators of thigh and hip stabilisers
What nerve innervates the deep muscle group of gluteal region?
Sacral plexus
In the gluteal region - how to nerves enter and exit pelvis and perineum?
Via greater and lesser sciatic foramen
What ligaments form the greater and lesser sciatic foramen?
Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments
What is the largest nerve in hte body?
Sciatic (L4-S3)
What does the sciatic nerve supply?
Posterior thigh, all leg and foot muscles and most of the skin
What is the principal nerve to perineum?>
Pudendal (S2-S4)
What nerve supplies skin over posterior thigh, popliteal fossa, lateral perineum and upper medial thigh?
Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh (S1-S3)
Where does the sciatic nerve usually exit?
Inferior to piriformis
Does the sciatic nerve supply anything in the gluteal region?
Nothing
What does the sciatic nerve seperate into in distal thigh?
Tibial nerve and common fibular
What is a fasciotomy used for?
To relieve compartment syndroe
What are the three compartments of thigh?
Anterior, medial and posterior
What are three compartments of leg?
Anterior, posterior and lateral compartments
What nerve supplies anterior compartment of thigh?
Femoral nerve (L2-L4) for all apart from psoas major (L1-L3)
What nerves supply medial compartment of thigh?
All obturator nerve (L2-L4) apart from hamstring part of adductor magnus which is tibial nerve
What function does the posterior compartment of thigh have?
Extensors of thigh and flexors of legs
Name the three muscles in posterior compartment of thigh?
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris
What is the nerve supply to posterior compartment of thigh?
All tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2) apart from short head biceps femoris (common fibular division of sciatic)
What compartment of leg gives dorsiflexors of ankle and extensors of toe?
Anterior
What are the four muscles of anterior compartment of leg?
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius
What nerve supplies anterior compartment of leg muscles?
Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)
What compartment of leg everts foot and weakly plantarflex ankle?
Lateral
What two muscles are in lateral compartment of leg?
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
What nerve supplies lateral compartment of leg?
Sueprficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)
What do the superficial group of posterior compartment of leg do?
Plantarflexors of ankle
Name the three superficial group muscles in posterior compartment of leg?
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
What are superficial group muscles in posterior compartment of leg innervated by?
Tibial nerve
What group of muscles in posterior compartment of leg are flexors of toes and plantarflexors of ankle?
Deep group
Name the four deep group muscles in posterior compartment of leg?
Popliteus
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
What nerve innervates deep group muscles in posterior compartment of leg?
Tibial nerve
What are the four boundariesof popliteal fossa?
Superolaterally - biceps femoris
Superomedially - semimembranosus
Inferiorly - gastrocnemius
roof - popliteal fascia
What is the contents of popliteal fossa?
Fat, terminal small saphenous vein, popliteal vessels, tibial nad common fibular nerves
Name three ligaments in the hip joint?
Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral
What is the ligamentum teres and what joint is it found in?
Ligament to head of femur - hip joint
Name three arteries that supply the hip joint?
Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
Artery to head of femur - branch of obturator
Name three extracapsular ligaments in knee joint?
Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
Medial (tibial) collateral ligament
Patellar ligament
Name two intra-articular ligaments in knee joint?
Anterior cruciate
Posterior cruciate
Name two menisci ligaments found in knee joint?
Medial and lateral
Name thickest and strongest tendon in body?
Achilles - calcaneal tendon
What makes up achilles tendon?
Tendons of gastrocnemius and soleus coming together
Where does calcaneal tendon attach distally?
To calcaneal tuberosity of calcaneus
What does the ankle jerk reflex test?
S1, S2 nerve roots
