Week 2 - Tuesday - Lec 3 Flashcards
What is overt rehearsal?
Subjects are asked to rehearse out loud.
What items receive the most rehearsal in overt rehearsal?
The first few.
What is incidental learning, in the context of a memory test?
Where subjects are unaware of an impending memory test.
If we think that info gets into LTM due to # of rehearsals, then what should happen during an incidental learning task in which there is NO rehearsal?
Specifically, what will happen to that primacy effect?
One hypothesis is that there will no longer be a primacy effect.
What kind of study should we come up with to test whether incidental learning (not rehearsal) is the cause of the primacy effect?
Don’t tell the participants that they’re going to do a memory test.
In the OG Incidental learning word list test, what happened?
The primacy effect was diminished.
What was the significance of the OG incidental learning word list test?
People thought that rehearsal was what put things into LTM
What is a speeded list test?
Reading you the list of words fast.
What happens to the primacy and recency effect in a speeded list test?
Primacy effect is reduced, recency unaffected.
Does rehearsal help amnesiacs put stuff into LTM?
No.
Do amnesiacs experience the primacy or the recency effect?
The primacy effect is reduced, but recency can be okay.
What happens to the recency effect in a delayed recall test?
It’s diminished.
What happens in a final free recall test?
Experimenters unexpectedly ask subjects to recall list again some time after.
Everything that is remembered is recalled from LTM.
What happens to the recency effect in a final free recall test?
They actually show a negative recency effect.
What were the original conclusions that came from the final free recall test, in regards to the recency effect?
The recency effect is a short-term memory phenomenon.
The negative recency effect is LTM phenomenon.
How would you change the experimental design such that the last few words received the most amount of rehearsal?
Ask them to repeat the last items more.
What happened when reseachers had participants repeat the last few words over and over again (they were trying to get them into LTM)?
There was still a negative recency effect.
What counts as deep (semantic) processing?
Fill in the sentence
He met a ________ on the street
What was better: structural, phonemic, or semantic encoding?
Semantic.
What was the conclusion of the semantic encoding experiment?
Understanding is memorizing.
What was the OG view of how the primacy and recency effect work?
The more you rehearse, the more likely it is that info will be transferred from STM to LTM.
What is the subsequent view of how the primacy and recency effect work?
Memory is a byproduct of the cognitive operations engaged during learning (levels of processing).
