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A&P II > Week 2 Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Week 2 Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the lymphatic system ?

A

System of tissues and vessels
Scattered throughout the body
Services almost all regions

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2
Q

The lymphatic vessels are a system of channels that

A

Parallel the venous blood vessels yet are more numerous

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3
Q

Tissue fluid drains from the surrounding region into the lymphatic vessels as?

A

Lymph

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4
Q

Lymph nodes filter

A

Lymph of a particular region
-filter and trap bacteria viruses and cancer cells

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5
Q

Lymph is a fluid formed in the tissue spaces and is also known as

A

Interstitial fluid

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6
Q

Lymph colour ?

A

Clear and colourless in most lymphatic vessels
-opaque and milky in lymphatic vessels from small intestine V/c of chylomicrons

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7
Q

Lymphatic vessels permit only

A

One way movement of lymoh

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8
Q

Lymphatic capillaries are?

A

Tiny blind ended tubes distributed in tissue space
-one cell layer of simple squamous epithelium

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9
Q

Lymphatic capillaries are called what in the intestinal wall

A

Lacteals

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10
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the lymphatic system

A

Fluid balance
Protection from infection
Absorption of fats

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11
Q

Fluid from blood plasma that is not reabsorbed by blood vessels drains into the

A

Lymphatic vessels

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12
Q

Lymphatic drainage prevent accumulation of

A

Too much tissue fluid

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13
Q

What live and multiply in the lymphatic system and fight off invaders

A

Lymphocytes

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14
Q

Lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine “lacterals” absorb

A

Digested fats from the villi of the small intestine

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15
Q

Lymphatic system is a ___ way system

A

One way system

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16
Q

Lymphatic circulation begins in the ____ and ends in the _____

A

Tissues; blood stream

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17
Q

There are deep and superficial lymphatic vessels. Where are they each located

A

Superficial - directly below the skin often beside superficial veins

Deep- deep vessels are usually larger and accompany the deep veins

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18
Q

Lymphatic vessels vary lymph away from regional nodes eventually draining into 1 or 2 terminal vessels which are

A

The right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct

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19
Q

Right lymphatic duct is a short vessel that receives only the lymph from the upper right quadrant of the body meaning

A

The upper right side of the head neck thorax and right upper extremity

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20
Q

Right lymphatic duct empties into the

A

Right subclavian vein

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21
Q

Thoracic duct (left lymphatic duct) drains what

A

The rest of the body; all parts except those superior to diaphragm on right side
-3/4 of body

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22
Q

Thoracic duct empties into the

A

Left subclavian vein

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23
Q

All lymph from below the diaphragm empties into the thoracic duct through the ______ and is then carried by the thoracic duct into the_____

A

Cisterna chyli; blood

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24
Q

What is chyle

A

Combo of fat globules and lymph
*milky fluid that drains from the lacteals in the small intestine

25
Q

Movement of lymph toward the heart is caused by (3)

A

Valves in lymphatic vessels
Skeletal muscle contraction
Breathing

26
Q

Lymph nodes are located in ?

A

Clusters along the pathway of lymphatic vessels

27
Q

Lymphoid tissue makes up the specialized organs of the lymphatic system what does it do?

A

Provides immune function
Development of immune cells

28
Q

What are the functions of lymphoid organs and lymph nodes

A

Defense and WBC formation

29
Q

What do afferent lymphatic vessels carry?

A

Carry unfiltered lymph into the node

30
Q

What is an indented area which serves as the exit for efferent lymphatic vessels

A

Hilum

31
Q

What do afferent lymphatic vessels carry

A

Carry filtered lymph out of the node so that it can continue its return to the circulatory system

32
Q

NB cancer cells can easily move through lymphatic vessels to other parts of the body in a process called

A

Metastasis

33
Q

Lymph nodes are divided into 2 regions which are

A

Outer cortex (cortical nodules)
Inner medulla (lymphocytes and phagocytes along sinus)

34
Q

Role of lymph nodes (3)

A

Filter the lymph
Lymphocytes kill any pathogens that may be present
Lymph nodes trap and destroy cancer cells

35
Q

Where are cervical nodes located

A

In the neck in deep and superficial groups

36
Q

What nodes are located in the armpits

A

Axillary

37
Q

Mesenteric nodes are found where

A

Between two layers of peritoneum that form the mesentery

38
Q

What nodes are found near the trachea and bronchial tubes

A

Tracheobronchial nodes

39
Q

Nodes located in the groin area and termed buboes when enlarged

A

Inguinal nodes

40
Q

What is the largest lymphoid organ that contains lymphoid tissue designed to filter blood

A

The spleen

41
Q

What are the 4 functions of the spleen

A

Cleanses body by filtration and phagocytosis
Destroys old worn out RBC
Produces RBC before birth
Serves as a reservoir for blood

42
Q

Surgical removal of the spleen?

A

Splenectomy

43
Q

Studies have shown that splenectomy significantly increases?

A

Mortality from cardiovascular disease

44
Q

The thymus gland location and key role?

A

Located in upper thorax behind sternum

-plays key role in early immune system development before birth and into the first few months of life until puberty

45
Q

What does the thymus produce

A

Thymosin

46
Q

Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) function?

A

Barrier against infection
Helps to destroy foreign contaminants

47
Q

GALT stands for

A

Gut associated lymphoid tissue

48
Q

What are tonsils

A

Masses of lymphoid tissue that removes contaminants and traps pathogens

49
Q

What are the three different tonsils

A

Palatine
Pharyngeal (adenoid)
Lingual

50
Q

Lymph from the arm and breast pass through which node

A

Axillary

51
Q

What is lymphadenopathy

A

Disease of lymph nodes
Enlarged nodes due to cancer and infectious diseases
-early sign of HIV

52
Q

Lymphadenitis is

A

Inflammation of the lymph nodes

53
Q

What is infectious mononucleosis

A

Acute viral infection caused by herpes virus (Epstein Barr virus)
-spread by saliva
-common in adolescents and young adults
-results in cervical lymphadenitis

54
Q

Lymphangitis is inflammation of lymphatic vessels, it is characterized by?

A

Red streaks

55
Q

Lymphedema is?

A

Edema due to obstruction of lymph flow. Caused by infection, malignant growth, loss of vessels

56
Q

What is elephantiasis

A

Form of lymphedema
Enlargement of lower extremities resulting from blockage of lymphatic vessels by parasite infestation

57
Q

Splenomegaly is enlargement of the spleen due to certain acute infectious diseases such as

A

Scarlet fever
Typhoid fever
Syphilis
A blood fluke (flatworm)

58
Q

What is Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Chronic malignant tumour of lymph nodes
Common in young men
Nodes are enlarged particularly in the neck and also armpit thorax and groin

59
Q

Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

More common than Hodgkins
Affects older adults and people with deficient immune systems
Early sign: enlargement of lymph nodes especially in cervical region

A&P II (12 decks)

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