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A&P II > Blood Vessels W1 > Flashcards

Blood Vessels W1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the vascular system

A

A closed system of vessels that transports blood to and from the lungs and body tissues

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2
Q

What are the 5 types of blood vessels

A

Venules
Veins
Arteries
Arteriole
Capillaries

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3
Q

Vascular system is subdivided into 2 circuits which are

A

Pulmonary
Systemic

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4
Q

Which circuit carries blood to the lungs

A

Pulmonary

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5
Q

Which circuit supplies the rest of the body

A

Systemic

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6
Q

Carry blood away from the heart and toward the capillaries in the tissues

A

Arteries

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7
Q

What are the smallest arteries

A

Arterioles

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8
Q

Capillaries allow for exchanges between

A

The blood and body cells
OR between the blood and airsacs in the lung tissue

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9
Q

Capillaries connect what 2 things

A

Arterioles and venules

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10
Q

What is the smallest vein

A

Venules

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11
Q

Venules received blood from what?
It returns it where?

A

Receives blood from the capillaries of the tissue area and returns it to the heart

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12
Q

Veins carry blood

A

Towards the heart

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13
Q

The pulmonary circuit does what 2 things

A

Eliminates carbon discuss from the blood
Replenishes its supply of oxygen

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14
Q

The pulmonary circuit includes (3)

A

Pulmonary arteries
Capillaries in lungs
Pulmonary veins

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15
Q

Pulmonary arteries trunks and its branches move towards the lungs carrying

A

Blood low in oxygen

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16
Q

Pulmonary circuit: Capillaries in lungs is where gases, nutrients and waste are exchanged. Blood becomes?

A

Oxygenated

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17
Q

Pulmonary veins contain blood that is

A

High in oxygen
back to the heart

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18
Q

What does the systemic circuit include (4)

A

Aorta
Systemic arteries
Systemic capillaries
Systemic veins

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19
Q

The aorta receives freshly

A

Oxygenated blood

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20
Q

Systemic arteries carry

A

Oxygenated blood to the tissues

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21
Q

An exchange of materials happens in systemic capillaries; what happens to the blood

A

Loss of oxygen

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22
Q

Systemic veins go back to the heart and carry blood that is

A

Low in oxygen

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23
Q

Arteries and veins have 3 layers of”tunics” which are?

A

Inner *simple squamous epithelial cells; endothelium

Middle *thickest; smooth muscle

Outer * supporting CT

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24
Q

Veins have ?

A

Valves

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25
Q

Arterioles have thinner walls that are less elastic but have more smooth muscle; what does it regulate?

A

Amount of blood entering various tissues at one time

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26
Q

What happens to Arterioles when muscle contracts and relaxes ?

A

Contracts: Arterioles constrict
Relax: Arterioles dilate

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27
Q

Capillaries have the thinnest walls of any vessels meaning they are only

A

One cell layer

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28
Q

Why are capillaries so thin?

A

Thinness allows for exchanges between the blood and the body cells and between the alveoli in the lungs and blood

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29
Q

What is the largest artery that receives blood from left ventricle and branches to all organs

A

The aorta

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30
Q

What are the 4 parts of the aorta

A

Ascending aorta
Aortic arch
Thoracic aorta
Abdominal aorta

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31
Q

Ascending aorta supplies the heart muscle through

A

Left and right coronary arteries

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32
Q

Aortic arch has 3 large branches which are?

A

Brachiocephalic artery
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery

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33
Q

Aortic arch: brachiocephalic artery
The right subclavian artery supplies the

A

Right upper extremity

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34
Q

Aortic arch: brachiocephalic artery.
The right common artery supplies the

A

Right side of the head and neck

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35
Q

Aortic arch: left common carotid artery supplies the

A

Left side of the head and neck

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36
Q

Aortic arch: left subclavian artery extends under the collar bone and supplies the

A

Left upper extremity

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37
Q

Thoracic aorta supplies the

A

Branches to chest wall, esophagus and bronchi

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38
Q

Thoracic aorta includes 9-10 pairs of intercostal arteries that extend

A

Between the ribs reaching muscles of chest walls

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39
Q

Unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta extend

A

Anteriorly

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40
Q

Paired branches of the abdominal aorta extend

A

Laterally

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41
Q

Unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta supply the abdominal viscera (internal organs) which include?

A

Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric
Inferior mesenteric

42
Q

Celiac trunk includes what 3 arteries?

A

Left gastric artery (stomach)
Splenic artery (spleen)
Hepatic artery (liver)

43
Q

Hepatic artery (liver) carries what kind of blood to the liver

A

Oxygenated blood

44
Q

Superior and inferior mesenteric carries blood to

A

Small and large intestine

45
Q

Abdominal aorta has 4 paired lateral branches which are

A

Inferior phrenic (diaphragm)
Renal (kidneys)
Gonadal (ovaries/testes)
Lumbar (muscles of abdomen)

46
Q

Abdominal aorta has 2 common iliac arteries which are?

A

The internal iliac artery
External iliac artery

47
Q

The internal iliac artery branches to

A

Pelvic organs
(Urinary bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs excluding gonads)

48
Q

External iliac artery continues into the thigh which is the

A

Femoral artery

49
Q

Femoral artery continues to the knee which is what artery

A

Popliteal artery

50
Q

The popliteal artery (knee) goes to

A

Anterior tibial artery and posterior tibial artery (legs and feet)

51
Q

Anterior tibial artery continues into

A

Dorsalis pedis (foot)

52
Q

Posterior tibial artery continues into

A

Fibular artery (leg)

53
Q

Each common carotid artery supplies the head and neck; it branches to? (2)

A

External carotid artery (thyroid gland, face, neck, scalp)
Internal carotid artery (eye, part of brain)

54
Q

The subclavian artery supplies the arm and hand and branches to? (2)

A

Vertebral artery (posterior of brain)
Axillary artery (armpit and upper limb)

55
Q

What is the longest part of the Axillary artery and subdivides into radial artery and ulnar artery

A

Brachial artery

56
Q

What is anastomoses

A

Communication/connection btwn 2 vessels
-allows vital organs to receive blood by more than one route

57
Q

What are some examples of anastomoses (4)

A

Cerebral arterial circle
Superficial palmar arch
Mesenteric arches
Arterial arches

58
Q

Superficial veins are found ?

A

Near the surface
Located in the extremities

59
Q

Examples of superficial veins

A

Cephalic, basilic, median cubital veins (at elbow)
Saphenous veins

60
Q

These veins of the lower extremities are the longest veins in the body

A

Saphenous veins

61
Q

Deep veins tend to

A

Parallel arteries and usually have the same name as the corresponding arteries

62
Q

Superior vena cava unites what?
What veins drain into it?

A

United right and left brachiocephalic veins
Veins of the head neck arms and chest drain into it

63
Q

What drains veins of chest wall and empties into superior vena cava

A

Azigos veins

64
Q

What does the inferior vena cava do

A

Returns blood from areas below diaphragm beginning in the lower abdomen and includes lower extremities

65
Q

Inferior vena cava has 2 groups of veins which are

A

Paired veins from structures and organs
Unpaired veins from the spleen and digestive tract

66
Q

Paired veins of the inferior vena cava drain directly into?

A

Inferior vena cava

67
Q

Unpaired veins of the inferior vena cava empty into?

A

Hepatic portal vein

68
Q

Hepatic portal vein enables bone to circulate through what before returning where

A

Through the liver before returning to the heart

69
Q

What are sinusoids (blood enters these)

A

Leaky sinus like capillaries allowing free exchange of proteins nutrients and dissolved substances between liver and blood

70
Q

Coronary sinus receives most blood from

A

Heart wall

71
Q

What drain from the cranial venous sinuses

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CNS) and veins from brain

72
Q

What is the only anatomic location in which an artery travels completely through a venous structure

A

Internal carotid artery

73
Q

Cavernous sinus may be involved with the spread of dental or odontogenic infection which can lead to fatal results known as

A

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

74
Q

Substances move between cells and capillary blood by (3)

A

Diffusion
Blood pressure
Osmotic pressure

75
Q

Vasodilation refers to

A

Increased diameter of vessels

76
Q

Vasoconstriction refers to

A

Decreased diameter of vessels

77
Q

What does the precapillary sphincter regulate

A

Blood flow into capillaries

78
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms that promote bloods return to the heart

A

Contraction of skeletal muscles
Valves in veins
Breathing

79
Q

The pulse is a wave of

A

Increased pressure initiated by the ventricular contraction of the heart

80
Q

The pulse is influenced by various factors including

A

Body size
Gender
Age
Muscular activity
Emotional stimulation
Body temp
Thyroid secretion

81
Q

What is blood pressure

A

Force exerted by blood against vessel walls and force of propelling blood to the tissues and back to heart

82
Q

4 influences on blood pressure include

A

Total blood volume
Cardiac output
Resistance to blood flow
Blood vessel compliance and elasticity

83
Q

What are baroreceptors

A

Sensors for Bp in large arteries; are stretch receptors

84
Q

Where is blood pressure measured

A

In brachial artery (arm)

85
Q

What is normal blood pressure

A

120/80 mmHg

86
Q

Hypotension

A

Lower than normal blood pressure

87
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure

88
Q

What is arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries

89
Q

What is the most common form of arteriosclerosis

A

Atherosclerosis (plaque forms and damages arterial lining)

90
Q

What is an aneurysm

A

Bulging sac in blood vessel wall
-can burst causing death
-common sites = aorta and vessels in brain

91
Q

Shock refers to

A

Inadequate blood flow to tissues which can be life threatening

92
Q

Most common cause of shock

A

Cardiogenic
“pump failure”

93
Q

2nd most common cause of shock death

A

Septic (bacterial infection)

94
Q

What is thrombosis

A

Formation of blood clot in a vessel

95
Q

Deep venous thrombosis refers to

A

Blood clot in a vein
(Commonly calf muscles)

96
Q

Embolus refers to

A

A circulating or “floating” blood clot

97
Q

What is pulmonary embolism

A

Embolus in lungs

98
Q

What is phlebitis

A

Inflammation of vein

99
Q

What is hemorrhage

A

Profuse escape of blood from the vessels
-serious life threading vascular lesion

100
Q

Varicose veins affects superficial veins they appear

A

Swollen
Distorted
-are ineffective
-commonly seen in lower extremities (Saphenous) and rectal veins (hemorrhoids)

A&P II (6 decks)

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