Blood Vessels W1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the vascular system
A
A closed system of vessels that transports blood to and from the lungs and body tissues
2
Q
What are the 5 types of blood vessels
A
Venules
Veins
Arteries
Arteriole
Capillaries
3
Q
Vascular system is subdivided into 2 circuits which are
A
Pulmonary
Systemic
4
Q
Which circuit carries blood to the lungs
A
Pulmonary
5
Q
Which circuit supplies the rest of the body
A
Systemic
6
Q
Carry blood away from the heart and toward the capillaries in the tissues
A
Arteries
7
Q
What are the smallest arteries
A
Arterioles
8
Q
Capillaries allow for exchanges between
A
The blood and body cells
OR between the blood and airsacs in the lung tissue
9
Q
Capillaries connect what 2 things
A
Arterioles and venules
10
Q
What is the smallest vein
A
Venules
11
Q
Venules received blood from what?
It returns it where?
A
Receives blood from the capillaries of the tissue area and returns it to the heart
12
Q
Veins carry blood
A
Towards the heart
13
Q
The pulmonary circuit does what 2 things
A
Eliminates carbon discuss from the blood
Replenishes its supply of oxygen
14
Q
The pulmonary circuit includes (3)
A
Pulmonary arteries
Capillaries in lungs
Pulmonary veins
15
Q
Pulmonary arteries trunks and its branches move towards the lungs carrying
A
Blood low in oxygen
16
Q
Pulmonary circuit: Capillaries in lungs is where gases, nutrients and waste are exchanged. Blood becomes?
A
Oxygenated
17
Q
Pulmonary veins contain blood that is
A
High in oxygen
back to the heart
18
Q
What does the systemic circuit include (4)
A
Aorta
Systemic arteries
Systemic capillaries
Systemic veins
19
Q
The aorta receives freshly
A
Oxygenated blood
20
Q
Systemic arteries carry
A
Oxygenated blood to the tissues
21
Q
An exchange of materials happens in systemic capillaries; what happens to the blood
A
Loss of oxygen
22
Q
Systemic veins go back to the heart and carry blood that is
A
Low in oxygen
23
Q
Arteries and veins have 3 layers of”tunics” which are?
A
Inner *simple squamous epithelial cells; endothelium
Middle *thickest; smooth muscle
Outer * supporting CT
24
Q
Veins have ?
A
Valves
25
Arterioles have thinner walls that are less elastic but have more smooth muscle; what does it regulate?
Amount of blood entering various tissues at one time
26
What happens to Arterioles when muscle contracts and relaxes ?
Contracts: Arterioles constrict
Relax: Arterioles dilate
27
Capillaries have the thinnest walls of any vessels meaning they are only
One cell layer
28
Why are capillaries so thin?
Thinness allows for exchanges between the blood and the body cells and between the alveoli in the lungs and blood
29
What is the largest artery that receives blood from left ventricle and branches to all organs
The aorta
30
What are the 4 parts of the aorta
Ascending aorta
Aortic arch
Thoracic aorta
Abdominal aorta
31
Ascending aorta supplies the heart muscle through
Left and right coronary arteries
32
Aortic arch has 3 large branches which are?
Brachiocephalic artery
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
33
Aortic arch: brachiocephalic artery
The right subclavian artery supplies the
Right upper extremity
34
Aortic arch: brachiocephalic artery.
The right common artery supplies the
Right side of the head and neck
35
Aortic arch: left common carotid artery supplies the
Left side of the head and neck
36
Aortic arch: left subclavian artery extends under the collar bone and supplies the
Left upper extremity
37
Thoracic aorta supplies the
Branches to chest wall, esophagus and bronchi
38
Thoracic aorta includes 9-10 pairs of intercostal arteries that extend
Between the ribs reaching muscles of chest walls
39
Unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta extend
Anteriorly
40
Paired branches of the abdominal aorta extend
Laterally
41
Unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta supply the abdominal viscera (internal organs) which include?
Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric
Inferior mesenteric
42
Celiac trunk includes what 3 arteries?
Left gastric artery (stomach)
Splenic artery (spleen)
Hepatic artery (liver)
43
Hepatic artery (liver) carries what kind of blood to the liver
Oxygenated blood
44
Superior and inferior mesenteric carries blood to
Small and large intestine
45
Abdominal aorta has 4 paired lateral branches which are
Inferior phrenic (diaphragm)
Renal (kidneys)
Gonadal (ovaries/testes)
Lumbar (muscles of abdomen)
46
Abdominal aorta has 2 common iliac arteries which are?
The internal iliac artery
External iliac artery
47
The internal iliac artery branches to
Pelvic organs
(Urinary bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs excluding gonads)
48
External iliac artery continues into the thigh which is the
Femoral artery
49
Femoral artery continues to the knee which is what artery
Popliteal artery
50
The popliteal artery (knee) goes to
Anterior tibial artery and posterior tibial artery (legs and feet)
51
Anterior tibial artery continues into
Dorsalis pedis (foot)
52
Posterior tibial artery continues into
Fibular artery (leg)
53
Each common carotid artery supplies the head and neck; it branches to? (2)
External carotid artery (thyroid gland, face, neck, scalp)
Internal carotid artery (eye, part of brain)
54
The subclavian artery supplies the arm and hand and branches to? (2)
Vertebral artery (posterior of brain)
Axillary artery (armpit and upper limb)
55
What is the longest part of the Axillary artery and subdivides into radial artery and ulnar artery
Brachial artery
56
What is anastomoses
Communication/connection btwn 2 vessels
-allows vital organs to receive blood by more than one route
57
What are some examples of anastomoses (4)
Cerebral arterial circle
Superficial palmar arch
Mesenteric arches
Arterial arches
58
Superficial veins are found ?
Near the surface
Located in the extremities
59
Examples of superficial veins
Cephalic, basilic, median cubital veins (at elbow)
Saphenous veins
60
These veins of the lower extremities are the longest veins in the body
Saphenous veins
61
Deep veins tend to
Parallel arteries and usually have the same name as the corresponding arteries
62
Superior vena cava unites what?
What veins drain into it?
United right and left brachiocephalic veins
Veins of the head neck arms and chest drain into it
63
What drains veins of chest wall and empties into superior vena cava
Azigos veins
64
What does the inferior vena cava do
Returns blood from areas below diaphragm beginning in the lower abdomen and includes lower extremities
65
Inferior vena cava has 2 groups of veins which are
Paired veins from structures and organs
Unpaired veins from the spleen and digestive tract
66
Paired veins of the inferior vena cava drain directly into?
Inferior vena cava
67
Unpaired veins of the inferior vena cava empty into?
Hepatic portal vein
68
Hepatic portal vein enables bone to circulate through what before returning where
Through the liver before returning to the heart
69
What are sinusoids (blood enters these)
Leaky sinus like capillaries allowing free exchange of proteins nutrients and dissolved substances between liver and blood
70
Coronary sinus receives most blood from
Heart wall
71
What drain from the cranial venous sinuses
Cerebrospinal fluid (CNS) and veins from brain
72
What is the only anatomic location in which an artery travels completely through a venous structure
Internal carotid artery
73
Cavernous sinus may be involved with the spread of dental or odontogenic infection which can lead to fatal results known as
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
74
Substances move between cells and capillary blood by (3)
Diffusion
Blood pressure
Osmotic pressure
75
Vasodilation refers to
Increased diameter of vessels
76
Vasoconstriction refers to
Decreased diameter of vessels
77
What does the precapillary sphincter regulate
Blood flow into capillaries
78
What are the 3 mechanisms that promote bloods return to the heart
Contraction of skeletal muscles
Valves in veins
Breathing
79
The pulse is a wave of
Increased pressure initiated by the ventricular contraction of the heart
80
The pulse is influenced by various factors including
Body size
Gender
Age
Muscular activity
Emotional stimulation
Body temp
Thyroid secretion
81
What is blood pressure
Force exerted by blood against vessel walls and force of propelling blood to the tissues and back to heart
82
4 influences on blood pressure include
Total blood volume
Cardiac output
Resistance to blood flow
Blood vessel compliance and elasticity
83
What are baroreceptors
Sensors for Bp in large arteries; are stretch receptors
84
Where is blood pressure measured
In brachial artery (arm)
85
What is normal blood pressure
120/80 mmHg
86
Hypotension
Lower than normal blood pressure
87
Hypertension
High blood pressure
88
What is arteriosclerosis
Hardening of the arteries
89
What is the most common form of arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis (plaque forms and damages arterial lining)
90
What is an aneurysm
Bulging sac in blood vessel wall
-can burst causing death
-common sites = aorta and vessels in brain
91
Shock refers to
Inadequate blood flow to tissues which can be life threatening
92
Most common cause of shock
Cardiogenic
“pump failure”
93
2nd most common cause of shock death
Septic (bacterial infection)
94
What is thrombosis
Formation of blood clot in a vessel
95
Deep venous thrombosis refers to
Blood clot in a vein
(Commonly calf muscles)
96
Embolus refers to
A circulating or “floating” blood clot
97
What is pulmonary embolism
Embolus in lungs
98
What is phlebitis
Inflammation of vein
99
What is hemorrhage
Profuse escape of blood from the vessels
-serious life threading vascular lesion
100
Varicose veins affects superficial veins they appear
Swollen
Distorted
-are ineffective
-commonly seen in lower extremities (Saphenous) and rectal veins (hemorrhoids)
