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BMS191 > Week 2 Chemistry > Flashcards

Week 2 Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is matter?

A

anything that takes up space and has a mass

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2
Q

What are atoms?

A

Smallest unit of matter known as an atom.

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3
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A

Solids, Liquids, Gasses

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4
Q

What is the relationship between atoms and hot and cold?

A

Atoms are always moving (vibrating). The movement of an atom is what we refer to as heat.

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5
Q

How do atoms form solids?

A

Atoms link together into molecules using covalent bonds. These bonds are formed because almost no loose atoms have the amount of electrons they prefer to have around them

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6
Q

What is the structure of atoms?

A

A single atom is composed of a central nucleus surrounded by clouds of electrons

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7
Q

What are protons?

A

Protons give atoms their identity. They are +ively charged

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8
Q

What do the number of protons determine?

A

It’s atomic number & what element it is. + charge

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9
Q

What is the atomic number of an element ?

A

The number of protons that are present in an atom

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10
Q

What are neurons?

A

No charge but help keep the nucleus together. Neutral. (sub-atomic particle in the nucleus)

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11
Q

What is the mass number of an element?

A

The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

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12
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Contain the same number of protons but different number of neurons. (not all cases)

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13
Q

What is the atomic mass of an element?

A

It equals the number of protons and neutrons within the nucleolus (p+n) = atomic mass

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14
Q

What are electrons?

A

A subatomic particle (can have both mass and no mass)

The number of electrons is always equal to the number of protons found in an element - charge

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15
Q

How was electrons arranged around the nucleus

A 
First shell  (2 electrons)
Second shell (max 8 electrons)
Valence shell 8 electrons. :(octet rule)
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16
Q

What are three categories of pure substances?

A

Elements, molecules, compounds

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17
Q

What is an element?

A

Usually refers to a substance made up of one type of atom and the properties of that substance

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18
Q

Describe a molecule

A

Is a substance made up of two or more atoms which are either from the same element or different element that form a unit

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19
Q

Describe a compound

A

A substance made up of two or more atoms which form different elements

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20
Q

Describe metabolism

A

The chemical processes that occur within a living organisms in order to maintain life

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21
Q

Define Catabolisim

A

The break down of complex molecules

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22
Q

Define Anabolism

A

systhesis of complex molecules (build up)

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23
Q

What are electron shells?

A

Holds electrons 2:8:8 octet rule

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24
Q

What is the outer most shell that contains electrons called?

A

Valence shell (third shell)

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25
Q

What element category needs full electron shells?

A

Nobel gases, 8 in the vallance shell

26
Q

What is a mixture?

A

2 or more elements that are physically combined together. But are not bound by chemical bonds.

27
Q

What can mixtures contain?

A

Solids, liquids and gasses, either alone or in combination

28
Q

What is a solvent?

A

Liquid (or gas) in which another substance is dissolved to form a solution

29
Q

How does water act as a solvent?

A

H2o is charged, it disrupts the bonds resulting in individual molecules floating around.

30
Q

What are colloids?

A

A mixture of solute and solvent. The particles are large enough to scatter light as it passes through

31
Q

What are suspensions?

A

A mixture of particles in a liquid for a period of time, will eventually settle out of liquid

32
Q

What is a mole?

A

It’s a measurement chemist use

33
Q

What is concerntration?

A

The number of molecules present in a given volume. Can be described in %

34
Q

What is the definition of molarity?

A

Molecules in a reaction, measuring them in relation to weight to express the concentration of a chemical

35
Q

What is the formula of the mole?

A

atomic number + atomic number = molecular weights.
(Actual weight) - provided in question.
Actual weight / molecular weight = X
X/Litres = Mole

36
Q

What are the types of chemical bonds?

A

Ionic bonds
Covalent bonds
Metallic bonds
Hydrogen bonds

37
Q

What is an Ionic Bond?

A

is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms. Valence shell of 7 electrons

38
Q

What is an Covalent Bonds

A

They’re not physically exchanged. They share electrons to fill there valance shell.

39
Q

Describe Non-Polar Covalent Bonds

A

Equal sharing of electrons so the resulting molecule has no charge associated with it.

40
Q

Describe Polar Covalent Bonds

A

The sharing of the electrons is uneven.

41
Q

Describe Metallic bonds

A

Metals tend to have a few extra electrons in there valence shells.

42
Q

Describe Hydrogen Bonding

A

Weaker interactions that alter the way molecules interact with eachother.

43
Q

What are the two components to a chemical reaction?

A

The reactant

The product

44
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

The bonds that hold atoms together are broken and rearranged to make new substances.

45
Q

What is energy?

A

The capacity for doing work or causing change.

46
Q

Energy comes from two forms, what are they?

A

Potential energy

Kinetic energy

47
Q

What is potential energy?

A

Energy stored by matter due to it’s position

48
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

Energy associated with matter in motion

49
Q

What is chemical energy?

A

Form of potentislal energy that is stored in chemical bonds. (endothermix and exothermic)

50
Q

Describe exothermic

A

An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases energy through light or heat

51
Q

Describe endothermic

A

Endothermic process is any process which requires or absorbs energy from its surroundings, usually in the form of heat

52
Q

What are different types of reactions?

A

Synthesis
Decomposition
Exchange
Reversible

53
Q

Describe Synthesis reaction

A

Two or more atoms/molecules are bonded together to form a more complex molecule

54
Q

Describe Decomposition reaction

A

A larger molecules broken apart into simpler substances

55
Q

Describe Exchange reaction

A

What one atom/functional group replaces another in a compound. Both synthesis and decomposition

56
Q

Describe Reversible reaction

A

A reaction that can proceed in both direction

57
Q

What is activation energy

A

A type of reaction to get bonds between atoms to form or break, a collision with enough energy is required.

58
Q

Describe catalysts

A

Is a chemical substance that acts to lower the activation energy required for certain chemical reaction

Catalysis is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst,

59
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

An enzyme is a protein that acts as a catalyst

60
Q

How do enzymes work?

A

Attracts reactants binding them at the active site, working on them, producing the products then releasing the products. Lock & key

BMS191 (19 decks)

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