W3 Chem Organic Chem Flashcards
What is organic molecules?
Are those that contain the element carbon (C)
What are the four main compounds the body is made up of?
Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen. Forms bulk of body matter
What compounds are carbohydrates in the body?
Primarily function as a source of chemical energy
What elements do carbohydrates contain?
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen
What are the three major groups of carbohydrates based on size?
Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides
What are monosaccharides?
Are simple carbs that contain between 3 and 7 atoms (simple sugars)
What are polysaccharides?
Molecules that are firned by joing together tens or hundreds of monosaccharides. (insoluable)
What are the four main types of organic molecules?
Carbohydrates Lipids (fats oils) Proteins Nucleotides and Nucleic acids
What is the main polysaccharides produced by plants?
Straches and cellulose
What is the main Polysaccaharide?
Glycogen, easily stored.
What are the main polysaccharides produced by plants?
Starches, cellulose
Describe Proteins
Made up by joining amino acids together (building blocks)
Describe Nucleic Acids
Composed of chains of nucleotides. Containing Carbon Hydrogen Ocygen Nitrogen Phosphorus
What are common forms of lipids found in the body?
Fatty acids and triglycerides Phospholipids Steroids Eicosanoids Fat soluable vitamins
What does hydrophobic mean?
Water fearing, insoluable.
What is a fatty acid?
Simplest lipids in the body. Saturated = carbon saturated with hydrogen. Unsaturated contains C=C bonds
What is a fatty acid?
Simplest lipids in the body. Saturated = carbon saturated with hydrogen. Unsaturated contains C=C bonds
What is a triglyceride?
Fatty acids exist as apart of a triglyceride.
What is fat?
A triglyceride that is soild at room temp
What is a phospholipid?
Like triglycerides have a glycerol core, two fatty acid and a modified phosphate group. (Hydrophillic)
What are steroids?
Cholesterol, Cortisol, Estrogen, Testosterone
What are proteins comprised of?
Carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen
What are the bonds between two amino acids called?
The covalent bond between two amino acids is called a peptide bond.
What is a peptide bond?
Dehydration reaction.
What is a dipeptide protein?
Two amino acids joined together
What is a tripeptide protein?
Three amino acids joined together
What is a polypeptide?
tens to thousands of amino acids joined together
What are the levels of structural organisation in proteins?
Primary Structure Secondary Structure Tertiary structure Quaternary structure
What is denaturation?
Breaking down of a protein 3D shape. Changes in temp and a acidic enviro. = loses their function
What is denaturation?
Breaking down of a protein 3D shape. Changes in temp and a acidic enviro. = loses their function
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
A nitrogenous base A sugar composed of 5 C (carbons) A phosphate group
How do mucleotides pair up inside DNA double helix?
Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G)
What other important roles Nucleotides play in the body?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) Cyclic AMO (cAMP)
What is the function of adensoine triphosphate (ATP)?
Acts as a storage molecule for energy. Chemical potential energy.
How is ATP energy used?
