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BMS191 > Week 1 Anatomy, physiology & directional terms > Flashcards

Week 1 Anatomy, physiology & directional terms Flashcards

1
Q

Define anatomy

A

the study of the body structures, and their relationships to eachother

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2
Q

Define Physiology

A

The study of how the body normally functions

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3
Q

Name the 11 systems of the human body

A

Integumantary system

Muscular system

Skeletal System

Nervous system

Cardiovascular system

Respiratory system

Lympathic system

Endocrine system

Digestive system

Urinary system

Reproductive system

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4
Q

What are the three anatomical directional terminology?

A

Sagittal Plane

Frontal Plane (coronal)

Transverse Plane

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5
Q

Describe Gross anatomy

A

is the study of relatively large structures that are visible with the unaided eye

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6
Q

Describe Microscopic anatomy

A

Is the study of structures that need magnification to be viewed

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7
Q

What are the levels of human structure, from complex to simplest?

A

Chemical Level Cellular Level Tissue Level Organ Level Organ Systems Level Organism Level

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8
Q

Describe the chemical level

A

The smallest level that can be dealt with, Includes single atoms and combinations of atoms (molecules)

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9
Q

Describe Cellular level

A

Billions of molecules bind together to build cells which are the most basic structural and functional unit of life

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10
Q

Describe Tissue Level

A

The tissue level of organization consists of a group of cells that work together to accomplish one or more specific functions.

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11
Q

Describe Organ Level

A

The combination of different types of tissues produces organs that perform specific function

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12
Q

Descirbe Organ Systems Level

A

A collection of related orangs that serve a common function are called an organ system

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13
Q

Describe Organismal Level

A

all parts of the human body functioning to make up the human organism.

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14
Q

What are the 11 systems of the body?

A

Skeletal system Reproduction system Lymphatic system Muscular system Endocrine System Urinary System Cardiovascular system Digestion System Integumentary System Nervous System Respiratory System

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15
Q

Describe the anatomical postition

A

Used as a frame of reference to describe anatomical terminology. Allowing one to explain where a body part is in relation to another.

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16
Q

What does the anatomical position look like?

A

Standing up straight, facing forwards Feet are flat on floor & close together Hands by the sides with palms facing forwards

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17
Q

What is the function of the skeletal system?

A

To support

Protection of soft tissues

Mineral storage

Blood formation

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18
Q

What is the function of the nervous system?

A

Directing immediate responses to stimuli, usually by coordinating the activities of other organs

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19
Q

What is the function of the endocrine system?

A

Directing long term changes in the activities of other organs

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20
Q

What does the endocrine system do?

A

Hormone producing glands and hormone producing cells in other organs

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21
Q

What are the components of the cardio vascular system?

A

Blood, heart, blood vessels

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22
Q

What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

A

Internal transport of cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients wastes and gasses

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23
Q

What are the components of the Lymphatic system?

A

Lymphatic fluid

Vessels

Spleen

Thymus

Lymph nodes

Tonsils

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24
Q

What is the function of the Lympathic system?

A

Defense against infection and disease

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25
Q

What are the components of the respiratory system?

A

Lung and airway passages

26
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system ?

A

Delivery of air to sites where gas exchange can occur

27
Q

What are the components of the digestive system?

A

Organs of the gastrointestinal tract. A long tube, pharynx, esophagus and it’s accessory structures (salivary glands,liver, pancreas)

28
Q

What are the functions of the digest system?

A

Processing of food and absorption of organic nutrients, mineral, vitamins and water.

29
Q

What are the components of the Urinary System?

A

Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra.

30
Q

What are the functions of the Urinary System?

A

Elimination of excess water, salts and waste prodcuts, pH regulation.

31
Q

What are the components of the Reproduction system?

A

Gonads (overies and testis)

32
Q

What is the function of the Reproduction system?

A

Production of sex cells, hormones and secretions

33
Q

What is the component of the muscular system

A

Skeletal muscle tissue

34
Q

What is the function of the Muscular system?

A

Support, heat production, locomotion

35
Q

What are the components of the Integumentary System?

A

Skin, hair nails

36
Q

What is the function of the Integumentary system?

A

Protection from environmental hazard, temp control

37
Q

Describe prone

A

Position the subject is lying face down

38
Q

Describe Supine

A

Position the subject is laying face upwards

39
Q

What is a directional term?

A

Are used to indicate various body structures. They help you accurately describe and locate body structures, and help you communicate with other clinicians.

They are all relative, they only make sense when used to describe the position of one structure to another

40
Q

Describe superior

A

towards the head

41
Q

Describle Inferior

A

Further from the head

42
Q

Describe Posterior (dorsal)

A

Towards the back on the body

43
Q

Describe anterior

A

Towards the front of the body

44
Q

Describe midline

A

The midline is an imaginary line that devides the body lenthways into two equal halves

45
Q

What does medial mean?

A

Closer to the midline

46
Q

What does lateral mean?

A

Further from the midline

47
Q

What does proximal mean?

A

Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk

48
Q

What does distal mean?

A

Farther from the attachment of a limb from the trunk

49
Q

Describe Superficial

A

towards the surface of the body eg the ribs are superficial to the lungs. (towards skin)

50
Q

Describe Deep

A

Means away from the surface of the body eg the ribs are deep to the skin of the chest and back

51
Q

Describe sagittal plane

A

Vertical line that divides the body or organ into right and left sides.

52
Q

What is the transverse plane?

A

Is a line that divides the body into top and bottom halves

53
Q

What is the frontal (coronal) plane?

A

A vertical line that divides the body into front and back halves

54
Q

How many cavities within the body and what are their names?

A

7

Cranial cavity

Thoracic cavity

Vertebral cavity

Abdominal cavity

Pelvic Cavity

Dorsal body cavity (cranial & vertebral)

Ventral body cavity (thoracic, abdominal pelvic cavity)

55
Q

Describe the thoracic cavity

A

Encircled by ribs, muscles of the chest and sternum, and thoracic portion of the vertebral column.

Contains smaller cavities:

  • Pericardial*
  • Pleural*
  • Mediastinum*
56
Q

Describe abdominalpelvic cavity

A

Extends from the diaphram to the groin. It is surrounded by abdominal wall and the bones and muscles of the pelvis.

Divided into two,

a) abdominal incl stomach, spleen, liver, gall bladder, small and large intestine
b) pelvic contains the bladder, portions of lrg intes, internal organs and reproductive organs

57
Q

How can the abdomincal reigon be classified?

A

Right Upper Quad, Left Upper quad,

Left Lower quad, Right lower quad

OR

Right hypochondriac region, Right Lumbar region, Right inguinal region

Epigastric region, Umbilical region, Hypogastic region (public)

Left hypochondriac region, left lumar region Left inguibal region

58
Q

What is the Viscera?

A

Is a term that refers to all organs located within both the thoracic and abdominalpelvic cavities.

59
Q

What is a serous membrane?

A

They’re thin, slippery, double layered membranes (like a balloon) that cover the viscera of the thoracic and abdominal cavity. Serous Memranes are composed into two parts:

Parietal layer

Visceral layer

60
Q

Descirbe the Parietal Layer of the serous membrane

A

Is the layer of the doubled sided serous membrane that lines the wall of the cavity

61
Q

Describe the Visceral layer of the serous membrane

A

Is the layer of the double-sided serous membrane that attaches to and covers the outside of the organs within the cavity

62
Q

What is serous fluid and what is it’s function?

A

Reduces the friction between the two layers allowing the viscera to slide around to some degree during movement.

Eg when the lungs inflate and deflate during breathing

BMS191 (19 decks)

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