Week 14

Question 1

The ___________________ is responsible for the urea cycle, gluconeogenesis, and ketone body biosynthesis.

Answer 1

Liver.

Question 2

The liver stores ______________ of body’s glycogen.

Answer 2

25%

Question 3

The _______________ regulates both appetite and metabolism and uses glucose as fuel.

Answer 3

Brain

Question 4

The __________________ doesn’t normally contribute to the metabolic needs of other organs; instead makes demands on other organs.

Answer 4

Muscle.

Question 5

The muscles stores ________________ of body’s glycogen.

Answer 5

75%.

Question 6

_________________ are fat-storing cells of adipose tissue that acquire fatty acids from either chylomicrons or VLDL.

Answer 6

Adipocytes.

Question 7

Slow twitch muscles are ________________ and _________________.

Answer 7

Red, Aerobic.

Question 8

Fast twitch muscles are ________________ and _________________.

Answer 8

White, anaerobic.

Question 9

Adipocytes lack ________________ and thus cannot recycle glycerol.

Answer 9

Glycerol Kinase

Question 10

__________________ is both a metabolically active tissue and an endocrine tissue that secretes several molecules that regulate appetite and metabolism.

Answer 10

Adipose Tissue

Question 11

Adipose tissue stores and regulates the release of free fatty acids and glycerol from _________________.

Answer 11

Triacylglycerol.

Question 12

The ______________ excretes toxic metabolites from the body, it consumes 10% of the body’s energetic need.

Answer 12

Kidney.

Question 13

The kidney oxidatively deamintates ________________ to produce ammonia.

Answer 13

Glutamine.

Question 14

______________ is the process in which excessive ketone bodies are in the blood, occurs during periods of starvation.

Answer 14

Ketosis.

Question 15

In the postprandial state, metabolites are absorbed from the ________________.

Answer 15

Small Intestine.

Question 16

_________________ signal adipose tissue to mobilize fatty acids from tryacylglycerols for fuel.

Answer 16

Catecholamines.

Question 17

During the starved state, upregulation of _________________ occurs.

Answer 17

HMG-CoA synthase.

Question 18

Where is a great deal of transamination occurring relative to other parts of the body?

Answer 18

The muscle

Question 19

_______________ is the study of chemical signaling and its effects in the body.

Answer 19

Endocrinology

Question 20

________________ are hormones made from short chains of amino acids.

Answer 20

Peptide hormones

Question 21

_________________ hormones are derived from cholesterol. Function over longer periods of time - hours to days rather than seconds to minutes.

Answer 21

Steroid.

Question 22

The _________________ is a region of the brain that integrates neuronal and hormonal signals.

Answer 22

hypothalamus

Question 23

The _________________ of the hypothalamus controls appetite.

Answer 23

Arcuate nucleus.

Question 24

The ________________ of the hypothalamus is responsible for osmoregulation, appetite, and stress.

Answer 24

Paraventricular nucleus

Question 25

_________________ and ________________ hormones can be received at the hypothalamus and can also be produced by the hypothalamus.

Answer 25

Thyroid and Steroid Hormones

Question 26

_______________ are a group of seven proteins that can act as deacetylases.

Answer 26

Sirtuins

Question 27

Sirtuins regulate genes by modifying _______and may directly affect metabolic pathways by deacetylating __________.

Answer 27

histones, enzymes.

Question 28

Which hormone acts counter to insulin and where is its primary site of action?

Answer 28

Glucagon; the liver

Question 29

____________diabetes also known as juvenile diabetes, is when pancreatic β cells are destroyed which leads to no insulin production

Answer 29

Type I

Question 30

____________diabetes also known as adult diabetes, when cells cannot respond to insulin and is linked to obesity.

Answer 30

Type II.

Question 31

______________ is a result of elevated levels of pregnancy hormones, which influence insulin signaling.

Answer 31

Gestational.

Question 32

The _____________ effect states that cancer cells tend to ferment glucose rather than perform oxidative respiration.

Answer 32

Warburg.

Question 33

In___________inadequate amino acids in diet.

Answer 33

Kwashiorkor.

Question 34

In __________ inadequate energy produced from diet for metabolic needs.

Answer 34

Marasmus.

Question 35

The __________ produced by alcohol overconsumption may be used by the brain as fuel when alcohol is consumed in excess.

Answer 35

Acetate.