Dicussion 1 Flashcards
For the reaction H+(aq) + HCO3-(aq) ↔ H2CO3(aq), if the reaction is at equilibrium, which conditions must be maintained?
a. [H2CO3] > [H+][HCO3-]
b. [H2CO3] < [H+][HCO3-]
c. [H2CO3] = [H+][HCO3-]
d. none of the above
a. [H2CO3] > [H+][HCO3-]
Please rank the following acids in order of increasing pKa.
a. CH3COOH, HF, HCl, H2O
b. HF, HCl, H2O, CH3COOH
c. H2O, CH3COOH, HF, HCl
d. HCl, HF, CH3COOH, H2O
d. HCl, HF, CH3COOH, H2O
Guanine, a DNA base, tightly bonds to cytosine through which intermolecular forces?
a. covalent bonding
b. dipole-dipole interactions
c. hydrogen bonding
d. London dispersion forces
c. hydrogen bonding
The second law of thermodynamics states ______.
a. that spontaneous processes are characterized by the overall conversion of order to disorder
b. that spontaneous processes are characterized by the conversion of work to force
c. that nonspontaneous processes are characterized by the conversion of order to disorder
d. that spontaneous processes are characterized by the conversion of heat to pressure
e. none of the above
a. that spontaneous processes are characterized by the overall conversion of order to disorder
Change in enthalpy (∆H) is best defined as ______.
a. the sum of heat absorbed and work done
b. the heat transferred at constant pressure
c.the pressure change at constant temperature
d.the measure of disorder in a system
e.none of the above
b. the heat transferred at constant pressure
A spontaneous process ______.
a. occurs without the addition of free energy
b.has a ∆G < 0
c.is exergonic
d.is all of the above
e.is none of the above
d.is all of the above
The term used to indicate the degree of randomness within a system is __________
Entropy
Spontaneous processes are characterized by a change in Gibbs free energy that is ___________
Negative
The symbol for free energy under standard biochemical conditions is ______.
a. ∆H°’
b. ∆G°’
c. ∆T
d. ∆H
e. is none of the above
b. ∆G°’
An increase in disorder in the system ______.
a. is required for a process to be spontaneous
b. results in a decrease in entropy
c. is characteristic of a system increasing in enthalpy
d. results in the factor T∆S being positive
e. is found in every exergonic process
d. results in the factor T∆S being positive
The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate is a small molecule found in some metabolic states. In organisms, β-hydroxybutyrate will spontaneously decarboxylate into acetone and carbon dioxide. Which of the rate laws best describes this overall reaction?
a. Rate=k [β-hydroxybutyrate]
b. Rate=k [β-hydroxybutyrate]2
c. Rate=k [acetone][CO2]
d. Rate=k [β-hydroxybutyrate][acetone][CO2]
e. Rate=k (([acetone][CO2])/ [β-hydroxybutyrate])
a. Rate=k [β-hydroxybutyrate]
