Week 11: Dialysis and Kidney transplant Flashcards
2 types of dialysis
- Haemodialysis
2. Peritoneal dialysis
Which method of dialysis is better
Neither.
Infection rates are the same in both.
Should be patient choice
2 types of entry points into blood vessels in haemodialysis.
Which has a higher infection risk
- Arterio-venous fistula
2. Central venous catheter (higher infection risk)
How often are haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis done
Haemodialysis:
3x a week for 4h
Peritoneal dialysis:
Every night
Complications of haemodialysis
- Needs anticoagulation
2. Infection risk
Complications of peritoneal dialysis
- Hyperglycaemia
- Hyperlipidaemia
- Weight gain
- Hernias
- Peritonitis (due to high glucose concentration in abdomen)
- Membrane failure over time
4 indications for dialysis in AKI
- Hyperkaelmia
- Pulmonary oedema
- Clinical features of uraemia
- Toxic overdose
5 categories of indications for dialysis in CKD
- Acidosis
- Electrolytes (hyperkalemia)
- Intoxications
- Overload of fluid
- Uraemia (encephalopathy/ pericarditis)
Which type of matching is more important in solid organ transplants? HLA or ABO
HLA matching
Direct complications of kidney transplant
- Rejection
- Graft vs host disease
- Transplant dysfunction
Complications of immunosuppression after kidney transplant
- Malignancy
- Diabetes
- Osteoporosis
- Hypertension (immunosuppressive drugs induce vasoconstriction)
Which type of cancer are post-transplant patients particularly susceptible to
Skin cancer
5 types of immunosuppression drugs given to prevent rejection
- Steroids
- T cell monoclonal antibodies (basiliximab, alemtuzumab)
- Calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus)
- Anti-metabolites (mycophenolate, azathioprine)
- mTOR inhibitors
